近年，加拿大吸引了大量国际学生，尤其是在商业领域。然而，最新数据显示，这一趋势与加拿大劳动力市场的实际需求严重脱节，造成了教育与就业市场的“错位”现象。
Canada has attracted a large number of international students in recent years, especially in the business field. However, the latest data shows that this trend is seriously out of touch with the actual needs of the Canadian labor market, resulting in a "dislocation" between education and the job market.
International students: 国际学生，international（国际的）+ students（学生）。在这段文字中，指的是来自世界各地到加拿大学习的学生。
Business field: 商业领域，business（商业）+ field（领域）。在这段文字中，指的是涉及商业学科或行业的学习和工作领域。
Labor market: 劳动力市场，labor（劳动力）+ market（市场）。在这段文字中，指的是加拿大国内就业岗位和求职者之间的供需关系和互动。
根据加拿大广播公司对联邦政府公布的数据的分析，加拿大招收国际学生主要是为了填补商业项目的空缺，实现学校层面的盈利。而很少满足加拿大劳动力市场对医疗保健人才和工程技术人才的需求。
According to a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation analysis of data released by the federal government, Canada recruits international students mainly to fill vacancies in commercial programs and achieve profitability at the school level. The Canadian labor market's demand for healthcare talents and engineering and technical talents is rarely met.
Commercial programs: 商业课程，commercial（商业的）+ programs（课程）。在这段文字中，指的是加拿大教育机构提供的与商业相关的学科或课程，这些课程吸引国际学生以实现经济效益。
Healthcare talents: 医疗人才，healthcare（医疗保健）+ talents（人才）。在这段文字中，指的是加拿大劳动市场中对医疗领域专业人才的需求，但这种需求很少得到满足。
2018到2023年间不同专业的学签数量
加拿大移民、难民和公民部 (IRCC) 的数据显示了自 2018 年以来每年获得渥太华学习许可前往学院或大学就读的外国学生所选择的教育领域。
Data from Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) shows the fields of education chosen by foreign students who received study permits in Ottawa to attend college or university each year since 2018.
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC): 加拿大移民、难民和公民事务部，Immigration（移民）+ Refugees（难民）+ and Citizenship（公民身份）+ Canada（加拿大）。在这段文字中，指的是加拿大的政府部门，负责处理移民、难民和公民事务。
Study permits: 学习许可，study（学习）+ permits（许可）。在这段文字中，指的是外国学生为了在加拿大的大学或学院就读，每年从IRCC获得的许可文件。
专家表示，这些数据表明，无论是联邦政府、省政府，还是加拿大的学院和大学本身，都没有将国际学生的招生重点完全放在满足该国最紧迫的劳动力需求上。多伦多城市大学副教授、加拿大移民经济包容研究主席鲁帕·班纳吉 (Rupa Banerjee) 表示：“从这些数据中我们看到，监管确实很欠缺。”
Experts say the data shows that neither the federal government, provincial governments, nor Canada’s colleges and universities themselves are focusing international student enrollment solely on meeting the country’s most pressing workforce needs. “What we see in these data is that regulation is really lacking,” said Rupa Banerjee, an associate professor at City University of Toronto and the Canada Research Chair in Immigrant Economic Inclusion.
International student enrollment: 国际学生入学，international student（国际学生）+ enrollment（入学）。在这段文字中，指的是加拿大各级政府和大学招收国际学生的情况。
Workforce needs: 劳动力需求，workforce（劳动力）+ needs（需求）。在这段文字中，指的是加拿大当前经济发展最迫切需要的各类劳动和专业技能。
Immigrant Economic Inclusion: 移民经济融入，immigrant（移民）+ economic（经济的）+ inclusion（融入）。在这段文字中，指的是加拿大移民在经济上成功融入社会的状况和相关的研究领域。
这些此前未公开的数据显示，2018 年至 2023 年期间，商科相关项目占批准的所有学习许可的 27%，高于任何其他领域。在同一时期，只有 6% 的许可证发给了就读健康科学、医学或生物和生物医学科学课程的外国学生，而就读贸易和职业培训课程的外国学生占 1.25%。
The previously unpublished figures show that business-related programs accounted for 27% of all study permits approved between 2018 and 2023, more than any other field. During the same period, only 6% of licenses were issued to foreign students enrolled in health sciences, medicine or biological and biomedical sciences courses, compared with 1.25% for foreign students enrolled in trade and vocational training courses.
Health sciences: 卫生科学，health（健康）+ sciences（科学）。在这段文字中，指的是涉及健康、医学等领域的科学研究和学科。
Vocational training courses: 职业培训课程，vocational（职业的）+ training（培训）+ courses（课程）。在这段文字中，指的是针对特定职业或行业技能的培训课程。
班纳吉称，数据显示，太多外国学生被吸引到加拿大接受高等教育，但他们在热门领域找到好工作的前景却很渺茫。班纳吉在接受采访时表示：“我们并没有真正努力引进最优秀、最聪明的人才来填补劳动力市场的缺口，而是引进了技能低、工资低、可消耗、可剥削的临时外国工人。”
Banerjee said data shows too many foreign students are attracted to Canada for higher education, but their prospects of finding good jobs in popular fields are slim. "Instead of really trying to bring in the best and brightest to fill the gaps in the labor market, we are bringing in temporary foreign workers who are low-skilled, low-wage, expendable, exploitable" Banerjee said in an interview. Worker."
Low-skilled, low-wage: 低技能、低工资，low（低）+ skilled（技能）/ wage（工资）。在这段文字中，指的是具有较低技能水平且获得低工资的群体，通常指的是缺乏专业技能或教育背景的劳动力。
班纳吉说，这些数据表明联邦政府和省政府都未能确保国际学生的招生符合加拿大对技术工人的需求。她进一步指出：“学生们毕业的项目在劳动力市场上并不是特别有价值，这些项目无法让他们找到工作，从而转型成为有生产力的加拿大永久居民。”
Banerjee said the data shows both the federal and provincial governments are failing to ensure that international student enrollment is aligned with Canada's demand for skilled workers. “Students are graduating from programs that are not particularly valuable in the labor market and that do not allow them to find jobs and transition into productive Canadian permanent residents,” she further noted.
student enrollment: 学生招生， student（学生）+ enrollment（招生）。在这段文字中，指的是各级学校或教育机构招收来自国外的学生的过程或规模。
Permanent residents: 永久居民，permanent（永久的）+ residents（居民）。在这段文字中，指的是在加拿大获得永久居留权的个人，他们可以在加拿大合法地居住和工作。
鲁帕·班纳吉是多伦多都市大学的副教授
根据加拿大统计局的数据，自 2018 年以来，无论是在新冠疫情爆发之前还是之后，职位空缺率最高和职位空缺绝对数量最多的行业基本保持一致：建筑业、医疗保健业以及住宿和餐饮服务业。
According to Statistics Canada, the industries with the highest job vacancy rates and the highest absolute number of job vacancies have remained broadly consistent since 2018, both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: construction, health care, and accommodation and food services.
Job vacancy rates: 招聘空缺率，job（工作）+ vacancy（空缺）+ rates（率）。在这段文字中，指的是特定行业或领域内未被填补的工作职位的比率，反映了招聘难度或市场需求。
Accommodation and food services: 住宿和餐饮服务业，指的是提供住宿和饮食服务的行业，包括酒店、餐厅、旅馆等场所。
2018到2023年间各专业的国际生数量增长情况
然而，从 2018 年到 2023 年，来加拿大攻读商务课程的国际学生数量的增长速度远远超过任何其他高等教育领域的增长速度。这五年间，授予商业管理、市场营销和相关支持服务课程的学习许可数量增加了五倍。任何其他学习领域的增长速度均未达到如此之快。数据显示，同期非商业领域颁发的许可数量平均增长了 1.7 倍。其次是健康科学领域（2.6 倍）和计算机/IT 领域（2.4 倍）。
However, from 2018 to 2023, the number of international students coming to Canada to study business courses will grow much faster than any other area of higher education. The number of study permits granted for courses in business management, marketing and related support services has increased five-fold over the past five years. No other area of learning is growing as fast. The number of licenses issued in the non-commercial sector increased by an average of 1.7 times during the same period, the data shows. This is followed by health sciences (2.6x) and computing/IT (2.4x).
Business management: 商业管理，business（商业）+ management（管理）。在这段文字中，指的是涉及商业领域的管理学科，包括企业管理、市场营销等。
Related support services: 相关支持服务，related（相关）+ support（支持）+ services（服务）。在这段文字中，指的是与商业管理等学科相关的支持性服务，可能包括咨询、培训等。
移民部部长马克·米勒 (Marc Miller)
联邦移民、难民和公民事务部长马克·米勒 (Marc Miller) 表示，他会与各省和地区负责移民事务的部长会面时提出如何让加拿大的新移民数量与劳动力市场的需求更好地匹配的问题。米勒近日在国会山也表示：“各省有责任……确保各大学为国际学生提供的课程适合就业市场。”
Federal Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Minister Marc Miller said he will raise the issue of how to better match the number of newcomers to Canada with labor market needs when he meets with provincial and territorial immigration ministers. Miller also said on Parliament Hill recently: "Provinces have a responsibility... to ensure that the courses offered by universities for international students are suitable for the job market."
Provincial and territorial immigration ministers: 省级和地方移民部长，provincial and territorial（省级和地方的）+ immigration（移民）+ ministers（部长）。在这段文字中，指的是各省和地区的政府官员，负责管理和监督移民事务的部长级别官员。
外国学生支付的学费比加拿大人高得多，他们为加拿大的高等教育机构投入了数十亿美元。目前来说，加拿大国际学生数量急剧增加的最大推动力是公立学院，主要位于安大略省。
Foreign students pay much higher tuition fees than Canadians, and they invest billions of dollars in Canada's post-secondary institutions. By far the biggest driver of Canada's dramatic increase in international students is public colleges, primarily in Ontario.
Dramatic increase: 剧增，dramatic（剧烈的）+ increase（增加）。在这段文字中，指的是数量或程度急剧上升或增加的情况，表示增长幅度大且显著。
Public colleges: 公立学院，public（公立）+ colleges（学院）。在这段文字中，指的是由政府资助或管理的学院，提供各种职业培训、技术教育和学位课程。
在过去5年内几所招收大量外国学生的大学的官员表示他们加大了国际招生力度是在当时受到了联邦政府和省政府的敦促，加大国际招生力度，以满足该国在技术工人方面的需求。
Officials at several universities that have enrolled large numbers of foreign students in the past five years say they have stepped up their international enrollment efforts after being urged by federal and provincial governments to increase international enrollment to meet the country's demand for skilled workers. need.
enrollment efforts: 招生努力， enrollment（招生）+ efforts（努力）。在这段文字中，指的是大学为吸引国际学生而采取的各种行动和政策，包括宣传、招募、申请流程等。
安大略省萨德伯里的坎布里亚学院 (Cambrian College) 的一名官员表示，该学院的国际学生招生数量在 2018 年至 2023 年期间增长了近五倍，该学院的招生“反映并符合联邦政府预计每年目标增加的移民人数（包括学生），以满足现在和未来对技术工人的需求。”
An official at Cambrian College in Sudbury, Ont., said the college's international student enrollment grew nearly five-fold between 2018 and 2023, with enrollment "reflecting and consistent with The federal government anticipates targeted increases in immigration numbers, including students, each year to meet current and future demand for skilled workers."
Targeted increases in immigration numbers: 针对性增加的移民人数，targeted（针对性的）+ increases（增加）+ in（在）+ immigration numbers（移民人数）。在这段文字中，指的是政府预期对移民数量进行有针对性的增加，以满足当前和未来对技术工人的需求。
但是，新的数据显示了有多少外国学生来到加拿大学习商科而不是工程类医护类专业，这引发了人们对这一现象原因的质疑。
But new data showing how many foreign students come to Canada to study business instead of engineering or health care is raising questions about the reasons for the phenomenon.
Health care: 卫生保健，health（健康）+ care（关怀）。在这段文字中，指的是提供给个人或群体的医疗保健服务，包括医疗治疗、预防保健等。
在特鲁多政府最终限制国际学生人数 之前，他们一年多就收到了有关这种失衡现象的警告。加拿大皇家银行2022 年 9 月的一份报告质疑加拿大是否采取了足够的措施来匹配其国际学生的招生和劳动力的需求。报告指出“国际学生的学习项目与劳动力市场的需求不一致”，并呼吁增加医疗保健、部分行业和服务以及教育领域的国际学生数量。
They were warned about this imbalance for more than a year before the Trudeau government finally capped international student numbers. A September 2022 report from Royal Bank of Canada questioned whether Canada is doing enough to match its international student enrollment and workforce needs. The report noted that "international student study programs are inconsistent with labor market needs" and called for an increase in the number of international students in health care, selected industries and services, and education.
Selected industries and services: 选定的行业和服务，selected（选定的）+ industries（行业）+ and（和）+ services（服务）。在这段文字中，指的是特定的产业和服务领域。
“我认为，没有任何努力或计划将各专业招生与劳动力市场的需求相匹配，”CD Howe 研究所高级政策分析师 Parisa Mahboubi 在接受采访时表示。在数据涵盖的六年时间范围内，IRCC 批准了超过 776,000 份许可证，允许学生就读“商业/贸易”或“商业管理、营销和相关支持服务”类课程。
“I don’t think there’s any effort or plan to match enrollment across majors with labor market needs,” Parisa Mahboubi, senior policy analyst at the CD Howe Institute, said in an interview. Over the six-year period covered by the data, IRCC approved more than 776,000 licenses allowing students to study courses in the "Business/Trading" or "Business Management, Marketing and Related Support Services" categories.
Senior policy analyst: 高级政策分析师，senior（高级的）+ policy（政策）+ analyst（分析师）。在这段文字中，指的是具有丰富经验和专业知识，在政策领域进行深度分析和评估的专业人士。
相比之下，同期签发了约 143,000 份针对健康科学专业的学习许可、36,000 份针对贸易和职业专业的学习许可以及 6,300 份针对医学专业的学习许可。他们的总和甚至不及商科学签的三分之一。
In comparison, some 143,000 study permits for health sciences majors, 36,000 study permits for trade and vocational majors and 6,300 study permits for medical majors were issued during the same period. Their combined total is not even a third of a business visa.
Trade and vocational majors: 贸易与职业专业，trade and vocational（贸易与职业）+ majors（专业）。在这段文字中，指的是与贸易、手工职业等相关的主修专业，如电工、木工等。
经济学家阿米尼·亚尔尼齐扬是阿特金森基金会的工人未来问题研究员，他表示，国际学生的招收模式似乎“毫无规律可言”。亚尔尼齐扬在接受采访时表示：“这是在向来这里的学生兜售虚假的商品，因为我们不需要那么多拥有商业专业知识的人才。” “我们需要更加仔细地审视我们试图通过高等教育机构培养什么样的技能，”他说道。
Economist Amini Yarnytsyan, a fellow at the Atkinson Foundation on the future of workers, said international student recruitment patterns appear to be “erratic.” “It’s selling a false product to students coming here because we don’t need as many people with business expertise,” Yarnytsyan said in an interview. “We need to look more carefully at what we’re trying to do through higher education. What skills does the institution develop,” he said.
International student recruitment patterns: 国际学生招募模式，international（国际的）+ student（学生）+ recruitment（招募）+ patterns（模式）。在这段文字中，指的是各个学校或机构在招募国际学生方面的规律或模式。
Business expertise: 商业专业知识，business（商业）+ expertise（专业知识）。在这段文字中，指的是在商业领域具有专业知识和经验。
来自印度的留学生阿卡什·辛格
作为一名来自印度的学生，阿卡什·辛格 (Akash Singh) 支付了 34,000 美元，参加了圣克莱尔学院 (St. Clair College) 为期两年的商业课程，该学院是安大略省 24 所公立学院之一。辛格在该学院的多伦多校区学习，该课程由 Ace Acumen Academy 提供，是公立学院与私立学院合作项目的一部分 ，仅向国际学生开放。
As a student from India, Akash Singh paid $34,000 to attend a two-year business program at St. Clair College, one of Ontario's 24 public colleges one. Singh studied at the academy's Toronto campus, a program offered by Ace Acumen Academy as part of a partnership between public and private colleges and open only to international students.
自 2021 年获得文凭以来，22 岁的辛格唯一能找到的工作就是当保安和在麦当劳餐厅工作。辛格在接受采访时表示：“我想我会在这里完成我的课程，如果我取得好成绩，我就会找到一份与该领域相关的好工作。” “这里没有给商学院学生提供任何机会，”他说。“我一直在努力寻找金融方面的工作，但根本找不到。”
Since receiving his diploma in 2021, the only jobs 22-year-old Singh has been able to find are as a security guard and at McDonald's restaurants. "I thought I would complete my course here and if I get good grades, I would get a good job related to this field," Singh said in an interview. "There is nothing offered to business students here. Opportunity," he said. “I was trying to find a job in finance and there was no way I could find one.”
辛格说，驻印度的加拿大大学的招生人员强烈鼓励学生申请商务课程，并告诉他们，进入该课程并且毕业后很容易找到工作。他说，据他所知，他这一届的学生中没有一个人真正找到了商业相关领域的工作。
Singh said admissions officers at Canadian universities in India strongly encourage students to apply for business programs and tell them it will be easy to get a job after entering the program and graduating. He said that to his knowledge, no one from his class had actually found a job in a business-related field.
厄舍是一家教育咨询公司的总裁
咨询公司高等教育战略协会总裁亚历克斯·厄舍表示，商科专业国际学生数量的激增，很大程度上是由于安大略省的高校寻求弥补省级资金不足的方法。“我认为这与劳动力市场需求关系不大，我认为这与学院的财务需求有关，” 厄舍在接受采访时说。“这是一笔资金的源泉。”
Alex Usher, president of the Higher Education Strategy Association, a consulting firm, said the surge in international students in business majors is largely due to Ontario colleges and universities looking for ways to make up for provincial funding shortfalls. “I think it has less to do with labor market needs and I think it has more to do with the financial needs of the college,” Usher said in an interview. “It’s a source of funding.”
Provincial funding shortfalls: 省级资金短缺，provincial（省级的）+ funding（资金）+ shortfalls（短缺）。在这段文字中，指的是省级政府面临的资金不足或缺口，即省级财政收入无法满足支出需求的情况。
Source of funding: 资金来源，source（来源）+ of（的）+ funding（资金）。在这段文字中，指的是某个机构或项目获取资金的渠道或方式，即用来获得资金的途径或来源。
他还说，商业课程的运行成本相对较低，尤其是与临床和技术课程相比。由于高校为此类项目向每位国际学生收取每学年约 15,000 美元的费用，因此开设成本较低的课程（如商务课程）可以让学校有更多的收入用于其他方面。
He also said commercial courses were relatively cheap to run, especially compared to clinical and technical courses. Since colleges and universities charge about $15,000 per international student per academic year for such programs, offering lower-cost courses, such as business courses, gives schools more revenue to spend elsewhere.
Academic year: 学年，academic（学术的）+ year（年）。在这段文字中，指的是学校的教学周期，通常以一年为单位，包括学期和假期。
厄舍认为，各省在国际学生群体构成方面应承担比联邦政府更多的责任。这是因为各省有责任监督其学院和大学提供的课程类型。尽管 IRCC 负责批准学习许可，但各省有权限制获准入读高等教育课程的国际学生人数。
Usher believes the provinces should shoulder more responsibility than the federal government when it comes to the makeup of the international student population. This is because provinces have a responsibility to monitor the types of courses offered by their colleges and universities. Although IRCC is responsible for approving study permits, provinces have the power to limit the number of international students admitted to postsecondary programs.
Postsecondary programs: 高等教育课程，postsecondary（高等教育的）+ programs（课程）。在这段文字中，指的是大学或学院提供的学位课程或非学位课程。
在今年联邦限制之前，唯一行使这一权力的省份是魁北克省，该省要求每个国际学生必须获得省教育部的授权书。在其他省份，学生在申请学习许可之前只需要获得学院或大学的录取通知书，这个流程可谓是十分的宽松。
Before this year's federal restrictions, the only province to exercise this power was Quebec, which required every international student to obtain a letter of authorization from the provincial ministry of education. In other provinces, students only need to obtain an admission letter from a college or university before applying for a study permit, and this process can be described as very relaxed.
Federal restrictions: 联邦限制，federal（联邦的）+ restrictions（限制）。在这段文字中，指的是由联邦政府颁布的各种限制措施或法规。
对于有意来加拿大留学特别是来就读商科的中国学生和移民家庭来说，了解加拿大劳动力市场的实际需求很重要，因为北美的留学生移民政策总体而言都是偏向于理工科类学生。如果您是为了移民来留学，那么选择专业时既要考虑个人兴趣和特长，又要注重专业的就业和移民前景。通过全面的规划和信息获取，才可以有效避免毕业后面临就业和移民困境。
For Chinese students and immigrant families who intend to study in Canada, especially business majors, it is important to understand the actual needs of the Canadian labor market, because North American immigration policies for international students generally favor students majoring in science and engineering. If you are studying abroad for the purpose of immigrating, you should consider not only your personal interests and expertise when choosing a major, but also your professional employment and immigration prospects. Through comprehensive planning and information acquisition, you can effectively avoid employment and immigration difficulties after graduation.
Employment prospects: 就业前景，employment（就业）+ prospects（前景）。在这段文字中，指的是个人在特定行业或领域中找工作的可能性和发展前景。
加拿大作为一个多元文化的国家，吸引了大量的国际学生。然而，教育与就业市场的脱节问题已显现。通过优化招生策略和加强职业培训，加拿大可以更好地利用国际学生资源，促进经济和社会发展。希望每一位有志来加拿大留学的同学都能找到适合自己的专业，实现自己的职业梦想。
As a multicultural country, Canada attracts a large number of international students. However, the disconnect between education and the job market has emerged. By optimizing enrollment strategies and strengthening vocational training, Canada can better utilize international student resources and promote economic and social development. I hope that every student who is interested in studying in Canada can find a major that suits them and realize their career dreams.
Enrollment strategies: 招生策略，enrollment（注册、招生）+ strategies（策略）。在这段文字中，指的是加拿大针对国际学生制定的各种招生策略，以吸引更多的国际学生来加拿大留学。
Vocational training: 职业培训，vocational（职业的、职业性质的）+ training（培训）。在这段文字中，指的是加拿大加强的职业培训，旨在为国际学生提供更好的职业技能和就业机会。
Career dreams: 职业梦想，career（职业、事业）+ dreams（梦想）。在这段文字中，指的是每位有意向在加拿大学习的学生所怀有的职业理想和追求。
素材来源：加拿大广播公司（CBC）新闻。了解更多详情，请访问CBC新闻官方网站。
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