曾被誉为“留学天堂”的加拿大，如今正经历国际学生人数的急剧下降......
最新数据显示，2025 年上半年学习许可数量同比下降近四成，东部多所高校被迫削减项目。联邦政府强调，这是为了缓解住房与负担能力危机，并确保毕业生技能与劳动力需求匹配。然而，教育界和业界担忧，过度收紧政策将导致地区人才断层，加剧老龄化背景下的劳动力紧缺。加拿大的未来，是教育投资的调整，还是竞争力的流失？
周二是荷兰学院（Holland College）开学的第一天，但本学期给学生提供的选择更少了，学校将这一情况归因于加拿大对国际学生的总量限制以及近期出台的毕业后工作许可（PGWP）新规。
Tuesday was the first day back at Holland College, but this semester brings fewer options for those attending, which the school links to Canada’s cap on international students and recent rules for post-graduation work permits.
cap on international students：对国际学生的“总量限制”或“配额上限”。
post-graduation work permits (PGWP)：毕业后工作许可，加拿大留学生的重要通道。
fewer options：这里指“课程或项目选择更少”。
今年早些时候，荷兰学院因招生人数下降而暂停了八个项目，并缩减了另外三个项目。其中一些项目与爱德华王子岛最大的产业有关，包括旅游和酒店业。
Earlier this year, Holland College suspended eight programs and downsized three others in response to reduced enrolment. Some were tied to P.E.I.’s biggest sectors, including tourism and hospitality.
suspended programs：暂停开设的课程或项目。
downsized：缩减、缩编。这里指课程规模缩小。
in response to：作为对……的回应。
P.E.I.：Prince Edward Island，爱德华王子岛。
“有财务问题，有社会问题，也有文化问题，”荷兰学院院长亚历山大（桑迪）·麦克唐纳（Alexander (Sandy) MacDonald）说。
“There’s financial issues, social issues, cultural issues,” said Alexander (Sandy) MacDonald, president of Holland College.
financial/social/cultural issues：强调影响的多维度：经济、社会和文化。
麦克唐纳指出，近期出台的 PGWP 规则是一个关键因素。对于许多学院层次的国际学生，是否符合 PGWP 资格现在取决于其所学专业是否属于加拿大移民局（IRCC）认定的长期劳动力短缺领域。他说，渥太华认定一些受影响的专业并不在这个清单上。
MacDonald pointed to recently introduced rules for getting a Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP). For international students in many college-level programs, PGWP eligibility now depends on graduating from fields that Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) ties to long-term labour shortages. He said Ottawa determined that several affected programs do not fit that list.
pointed to：指出。
eligibility depends on：资格取决于……。
fields tied to labour shortages：与劳动力短缺挂钩的专业。
“这并不是我们的产业告诉我们的情况。我收到来自行业、协会和运营商本身的信件，”麦克唐纳说。“这需要被理解，因为认为这些领域没有劳动力短缺的想法根本不真实。”
“That’s not what our industry tells us. I’m getting letters from the industries, and the associations and operators themselves,” MacDonald said. “And it begs understanding, because the idea that there’s no labour shortage in these areas is simply untrue.”
it begs understanding：直译“这需要被理解”，意即“难以理解/不合理”。
simply untrue：强调“完全不真实”。
拥有学士、硕士或博士学位的毕业生则不受这一专业要求限制，这意味着大多数大学生不会受到该 PGWP 条件的影响。
Graduates with a bachelor’s, master’s or doctoral degree are exempt from the field-of-study requirement, meaning most university students are not affected by that specific PGWP filter.
exempt from：豁免于，不受……限制。
filter：这里指“筛选条件”。
另外，联邦政府在 2024 年 1 月宣布，对大多数新的国际留学许可申请实施为期两年的总量限制。IRCC 预计 2024 年批准的许可超过 36 万份，比 2023 年减少约 35%；并设定 2025 年的配额为 43.7 万份，比 2024 年再减少约 10%。
Separately, the federal government set a two-year cap on most new international study permit applications, announced in January 2024. IRCC projected more than 360,000 approved permits in 2024, roughly 35 per cent below the 2023 total, and set a 2025 allocation of 437,000, about 10 per cent below 2024.
two-year cap：两年的总量上限。
allocation：分配的名额/配额。
roughly 35 per cent below：大约比……减少 35%。
在大西洋加拿大地区，教育专家表示这种下降影响尤其严重。
Across Atlantic Canada, education experts say the drop has an outsized effect.
outsized effect：影响特别大，超乎寻常的影响。
“他们是我们未来的专业人士、商业领袖、社区领袖和医疗保健人员，”大西洋大学协会执行主任彼得·哈尔平（Peter Halpin）说。“他们对我们地区的发展至关重要。”
“They’re our future professionals, business leaders, community leaders, health-care professionals,” said Peter Halpin, executive director of the Association of Atlantic Universities. “They’re just so important to the development of our region.”
to the development of our region：强调国际学生对地区发展的贡献。
哈尔平表示，该地区的校园更依赖国际学生，雇主们在应对人口老龄化时也同样如此。
Halpin said campuses in the region lean more heavily on international students, and so do employers who are grappling with an aging population.
lean on：依赖。
grappling with：努力应对/苦苦挣扎于。
aging population：人口老龄化。
在给 CTV 新闻的一份声明中，IRCC 发言人表示，PGWP 的目标是“建立一个国际学生毕业生的管道，他们的技能符合国家的长期经济和劳动力需求”。
In a statement to CTV News, an IRCC spokesperson said the aim of the PGWP is to “create a pipeline of international student graduates whose skills match the country’s long-term economic and labour needs.”
pipeline of graduates：人才“输送管道”。
skills match：技能匹配。
发言人补充说，符合条件的领域包括医疗、社会服务、教育和技术工种。
The spokesperson added eligible fields include health care, social services, education and the trades.
the trades：指技工类职业。
至于总量限制，渥太华此前引用住房和负担能力问题作为理由。
As for the cap, Ottawa has previously cited housing and affordability concerns.
cited … concerns：援引……作为理由。
affordability：支付能力/负担能力，通常指住房。
“国际学生数量的年度增长无法在确保学生得到所需支持的同时持续下去，”发言人说。
“The annual growth in the number of international students couldn’t be sustained while ensuring students receive the support they need,” the spokesperson said.
sustain growth：维持增长。
receive the support they need：获得他们所需的支持。
大多数申请人现在必须在学习许可申请中附上一份省或地区的确认信，证明申请人已被分配到该省或地区的配额下。
Most applicants must now include a provincial or territorial attestation letter with their study permit application. The letter confirms the applicant has been assigned a space under that province or territory’s allocation.
attestation letter：确认信。
assigned a space：分配到一个名额。
加拿大审计长已经启动了对国际学生项目的审查。报告预计将在 2026 年提交给议会。
Canada’s auditor general has launched a review of the international student program. The report is expected to be presented in parliament in 2026.
auditor general：审计长，加拿大的独立监督官职。
review of the program：对该项目的审查。
