美国特朗普政府拟重启限制措施，对国际学生签证设置固定期限，并加大“持续审查”，这意味着超过160万名留学生的未来悬而未决。尤其是亚裔群体，恐将首当其冲。
与此同时，加拿大虽在收紧留学人数与PGWP资格，但相比美国，仍保持更高的开放度。这一对比正在悄然改变全球留学生的选择版图：越来越多的家庭开始思考，把教育与未来的发展机遇，押注在加拿大。
特朗普政府提出了新规，拟对外国学生、文化交流访问者和媒体成员的签证设定固定时间限制，取代自 1978 年以来实行的灵活“身份持续时间”制度。
The Trump administration has proposed new regulations that would impose fixed time limits on visas for foreign students, cultural exchange visitors and media members, replacing the current flexible “duration of status” system that has been in place since 1978.
propose new regulations：提出新规。
fixed time limits：固定时间限制。
duration of status：身份持续时间，美国移民法中的概念，指持签证者在身份有效期间可停留，不设具体到期日。
in place since 1978：自 1978 年起实施。
需要了解的是：上周提出的这些变化，将把国际学生的 F 签证和交流访问者的 J 签证的有效期限制为最多四年，而外国媒体的 I 签证则限制为 240 天，并可申请延长。
What you need to know: The changes, which were proposed last week, would cap F visas for international students and J visas for exchange visitors at four years maximum, while I visas for foreign media would be limited to 240 days with extension options.
cap…at…：把……限制在……（数量或时间上限）。
four years maximum：最长四年。
extension options：延期选择。
目前，这些签证持有人可在学习项目或就业持续期间停留在美国，而没有固定时间限制。
Currently, these visa holders can remain in the U.S. for the duration of their program or employment without fixed time limits.
for the duration of…：在……期间。
without fixed time limits：没有固定时间限制。
“长期以来，历届政府都允许外国学生和其他签证持有人几乎无限期地留在美国，这带来了安全风险、耗费了无数纳税人的钱，并使美国公民处于不利地位，”国土安全部一名发言人说。
“For too long, past Administrations have allowed foreign students and other visa holders to remain in the U.S. virtually indefinitely, posing safety risks, costing untold amounts of taxpayer dollars and disadvantaging U.S. citizens,” a Department of Homeland Security spokesperson said.
virtually indefinitely：几乎无限期。
posing safety risks：带来安全风险。
untold amounts of…：数不清的，大量的。
disadvantaging sb.：使某人处于不利地位。
公众有 30 天的时间对这一措施发表评论，该措施与 2020 年的一项提议相似，而那一提议后来被拜登政府撤销。
The public has 30 days to comment on the measure, which mirrors a 2020 proposal that was later withdrawn by the Biden administration.
mirrors：这里意为“与……相似/复刻”。
withdrawn：撤销。
为什么这很重要：这些变化可能会显著影响 160 万持 F 签证的国际学生。总体来看，中国公民约占所有外国学生的 25%。
Why this matters: The changes could significantly affect the 1.6 million international students on F visas. Overall, Chinese nationals represent roughly 25% of all foreign students.
significantly affect：显著影响。
represent roughly 25%：大约占 25%。
国际教育协会（IIE）2025 年 7 月的一份报告显示，国际学生入学人数已经下降，今年秋季有 35% 的受访学校报告申请人数减少，而前一年这一比例为 17%。
A July 2025 report from the Institute of International Education (IIE) shows that international student enrollment has already dropped, with 35% of surveyed schools reporting decreased applications this fall compared to 17% the previous year.
enrollment has dropped：入学率/入学人数下降。
decreased applications：申请数量减少。
compared to…：与……相比。
“这无疑会成为国际学生选择赴美留学的又一道阻碍，从而损害美国的经济、创新和全球竞争力，”国际教育工作者协会（NAFSA）执行董事兼首席执行官范塔·奥（Fanta Aw）表示。
“It will certainly act as an additional deterrent to international students choosing to study in the United States, to the detriment of American economies, innovation and global competitiveness,” said Fanta Aw, executive director and CEO of NAFSA: Association of International Educators.
act as a deterrent：起到威慑/阻碍作用。
to the detriment of…：对……不利，损害……。
global competitiveness：全球竞争力。
深入了解：签证限制对亚裔群体影响尤甚，他们约有 1,300 万移民，占全国临时签证持有者的最大比例。
Dig deeper: The visa restrictions disproportionately impact Asian populations, who comprise approximately 13 million immigrants and represent the largest share of temporary visa holders nationwide.
disproportionately impact：造成不成比例的影响。
comprise：占据，构成。
represent the largest share：占最大比例。
执法力度已经加大，今年美国国务院吊销了 6,000 多份学生签证——几乎是 2024 年同期的四倍，主要原因是涉嫌逾期居留和法律违规。
Enforcement has already intensified, with the State Department revoking over 6,000 student visas this year — nearly four times more than the same period in 2024 — primarily for alleged overstays and legal violations.
enforcement has intensified：执法力度加强。
revoking visas：吊销签证。
alleged overstays：涉嫌逾期居留。
与此同时，政府正在对 5,500 万份有效签证持有人进行“持续审查”，包括社交媒体监控，并要求申请人在签证面试期间关闭隐私设置。
Simultaneously, the administration is reviewing over 55 million valid visa holders through “continuous vetting” that includes social media monitoring and requires applicants to disable privacy settings during visa interviews.
continuous vetting：持续审查/背景审查。
social media monitoring：社交媒体监控。
disable privacy settings：关闭隐私设置。
screening protocols：筛查程序/协议。
新的审查协议还针对“反美意识形态或活动”，尽管国务院并未明确定义这些术语。
New screening protocols also target “anti-American ideologies or activities,” though the State Department has not clearly defined these terms.
anti-American ideologies：反美意识形态。
not clearly defined：没有明确定义。
