揭秘：加拿大无证移民超百万？这几座城市成“重灾区”！

加拿大，这个以包容和多元文化著称的国度，正面临一个不为人知的挑战。随着合法移民持续涌入，一个庞大的无证移民群体也悄然形成。最新数据显示，这个数字可能已高达百万，而他们中的绝大多数都集中在少数几个大城市。从多伦多的“庇护”政策，到温哥华的环境吸引力，无证移民为何选择这些城市？他们的生存状况如何？又给这些城市的经济和社会带来了哪些影响？本文将深入剖析加拿大无证移民的现状，带你了解数据背后的真实故事。

神通小助手带你了解加拿大TOP 5 “黑户”城市👇

加拿大以其包容性的移民政策而闻名全球，每年吸引大量合法移民。

Canada is globally recognized for its inclusive immigration policies, attracting a significant number of legal immigrants annually.

globally recognized：全球公认的。
inclusive immigration policies：包容性的移民政策。
legal immigrants：合法移民。
annually (adv.): 每年。

根据上一次加拿大人口普查，移民人数为 830 万，占总人口的 23.0%，预计到 2041 年这一比例可能上升至 34.0%。

According to the last Canadian census, immigrants number 8.3 million, comprising 23.0% of the population, with projections suggesting this could rise up to 34.0% by 2041.

census (n.): 人口普查。
comprising (v.): 占，构成。
projections (n.): 预测，预计。
rise up to：上升到。

然而，除了合法移民，加拿大还存在大量无证移民——即未经合法授权居住在加拿大的人。

However, alongside legal immigration, there exists a substantial population of undocumented immigrants—individuals residing in Canada without legal authorization.

alongside (prep.): 在……旁边，与……同时。
substantial (adj.): 大量的。
undocumented immigrants：无证移民，非法移民。
residing in：居住在。
legal authorization：合法授权。

根据最近的报告，对这一群体的估计差异很大，超过 60 万人，这反映了量化一个通常逃避官方侦测的人口的挑战。

Estimates for this group vary widely, ranging over 600,000, as noted in recent reports, reflecting the challenge of quantifying a population that often avoids official detection.

vary widely：差异很大。
ranging over：范围超过。
as noted in：如……所指出的。

quantifying (v.): 量化。
avoids official detection：避免被官方侦测。

在加拿大语境中，无证移民通常被称为“非正常移民”，他们通常以合法方式入境（例如，作为临时工人、学生或游客），但逾期滞留或未能满足移民项目的标准，在失去合法身份后成为无证移民。

Undocumented immigrants, often referred to as “irregular migrants” in Canadian discourse, typically enter legally (e.g., as temporary workers, students, or visitors) but overstay their visas or fail to meet immigration program criteria, becoming undocumented upon falling out of status.

referred to as：被称为。
irregular migrants：非正常移民。
Canadian discourse：加拿大语境/讨论。
overstay their visas：逾期滞留。
fail to meet：未能满足。
falling out of status：失去合法身份。

这种情况很敏感，关于他们的权利、经济贡献以及实施合法化项目的必要性存在持续的争论，正如移民部长马克·米勒在 2023 年所强调的那样，他估计有 30 万至 60 万无证个人。

This situation is sensitive, with ongoing debates about their rights, economic contributions, and the need for regularization programs, as highlighted by Immigration Minister Marc Miller in 2023, estimating 300,000–600,000 undocumented individuals.

sensitive (adj.): 敏感的。
ongoing debates：持续的争论。
regularization programs：合法化项目。

尽管 2025 年的实际人数可能超过 100 万。

Although actual numbers could be even more than a million in 2025.

按城市划分的无证移民的确切数据很少，因为官方人口普查中没有记录到他们。

Exact data on undocumented immigrants by city is scarce, as they are not captured in official censuses.

这里的调查方法依赖于上次人口普查中每个 CMA 中的移民比例，并辅以表明支持无证人口的报告和政策。

The approach here relies on the proportion of immigrants in each CMA from the last Census, supplemented by reports and policies indicating support for undocumented populations.

主要数据来源包括：加拿大统计局 2021 年人口普查数据、学术文献，如“加拿大无证移民：关于健康、获得服务和工作条件的范围文献综述”，以及来自 CBC、CTV 和其他公司的新闻文章，截至 2025 年 8 月 8 日。

Key sources include Statistics Canada’s 2021 Census data, academic literature like “Undocumented Migrants in Canada: A scope literature review on health, access to services, and working conditions,” and news articles from CBC, CTV, and others, as of August 8, 2025.

1. 多伦多 Toronto

多伦多是加拿大最大的城市，也是一个主要的移民中心，其近 50% 的人口（约 289 万）是移民。

Toronto, Canada’s largest city, is a major immigrant hub, with nearly 50% of its population (approximately 2.89 million).

immigrant hub：移民中心。

据估计，多伦多是近 50% 的加拿大无证移民的所在地，全国数据表明有超过 60 万无证移民，而仅多伦多就可能高达 25 万至 30 万人。

It is estimated to host nearly 50% of Canada’s undocumented immigrants, with figures suggesting over 600,000 nationally, and Toronto alone possibly up to 250,000-300,000.

estimated to host：据估计是……的所在地。
alone (adv.): 仅凭。

地方政策：多伦多在 2013 年通过的“为无证多伦多居民提供城市服务”政策，确保无证移民能够获得医疗保健和教育等服务，而无需担心被遣返，该政策得到了 FCJ 难民中心等组织的支持。

Local Policies: Toronto’s “Access to City Services for Undocumented Torontonians” policy, adopted in 2013, ensures access to services like healthcare and education without fear, supported by organizations like FCJ Refugee Centre.

adopted (v.): 采纳，通过。
without fear：无需担心。

经济贡献：他们从事建筑、清洁和餐饮服务等工作，为经济活动做出贡献，据估计，尽管没有资格获得福利，但他们仍缴纳了可观的税款。

Economic Contributions: They work in construction, cleaning, and food services, contributing to economic activity, with estimates suggesting significant tax contributions despite ineligibility for benefits.

construction, cleaning, and food services：建筑、清洁和餐饮服务。
contributing to：为……做贡献。
significant tax contributions：可观的税款贡献。
ineligibility for benefits：没有资格获得福利。

2. 温哥华 Vancouver

温哥华是一座以其风景优美和多元文化活力而闻名的沿海城市，在其 260 万居民中，移民人口占 41.8%。

Vancouver, with a 41.8% immigrant population among its 2.6 million residents, is a coastal city known for its scenic beauty and multicultural vibrancy.

coastal city：沿海城市。
scenic beauty：风景优美。
multicultural vibrancy：多元文化活力。

其在酒店、建筑和家政等行业的经济机会吸引了无证移民，人数可能高达数万人。

Its economic opportunities in hospitality, construction, and domestic work attract undocumented immigrants, likely numbering in the tens of thousands.

hospitality (n.): 酒店业。
domestic work：家政工作。
numbering in the tens of thousands：人数达数万。

无证移民：虽然确切数字难以捉摸，但温哥华庞大的移民社区和支持性政策表明存在大量无证人口。

Undocumented Immigrants: While exact figures are elusive, Vancouver’s large immigrant communities and supportive policies suggest a significant undocumented presence.

exact figures：确切数字。
elusive (adj.): 难以捉摸的。
significant undocumented presence：大量无证人口。

许多人以临时工人或学生的身份来到这里，当他们的许可过期后就成为无证移民。

Many arrive as temporary workers or students, becoming undocumented when permits expire.

temporary workers：临时工人。
permits expire：许可到期。

地方政策：温哥华在 2016 年通过的“无惧服务”政策，允许无证居民在没有被驱逐风险的情况下获得城市服务。

Local Policies: Vancouver’s “Access Without Fear” policy, adopted in 2016, allows undocumented residents to access city services without risk of deportation.

“Access Without Fear” policy：一项旨在保护无证居民获得服务的政策。
undocumented residents：无证居民。
without risk of deportation：没有被驱逐出境的风险。

警察指导方针强化了这一点，确保警察不会报告移民身份，从而培养了信任。

Police guidelines reinforce this, ensuring officers do not report immigration status, fostering trust.

guidelines (n.): 指导方针。
reinforce (v.): 强化，加强。
fostering (v.): 培养，促进。

3. 蒙特利尔 Montreal

蒙特利尔是魁北克省的文化中心，在其 430 万居民中，移民人口占 24.3%。

Montreal, Quebec’s cultural heart, has a 24.3% immigrant population among its 4.3 million residents.

其法语环境和庇护城市地位使其成为无证移民独特的目的地，人数可能高达数万人。

Its French-speaking environment and sanctuary city status make it a unique destination for undocumented immigrants, likely numbering in the thousands.

sanctuary city status：庇护城市地位，指地方政府限制与联邦移民执法机构合作的城市。

无证移民：蒙特利尔的多元化社区，包括海地人和拉丁美洲侨民，吸引了无证个人。

Undocumented Immigrants: Montreal’s diverse communities, including Haitians and the Latin American diaspora, attract undocumented individuals.

diverse communities：多元化社区。
diaspora (n.): 侨民。

地方政策：蒙特利尔在 2017 年宣布成为“庇护城市”，提供市政身份证件计划，使无证居民能够获得图书馆、娱乐和其他服务。

Local Policies: Declared a sanctuary city in 2017, Montreal offers a municipal ID card program, enabling access to libraries, recreation, and other services.

Declared a sanctuary city：被宣布为庇护城市。
municipal ID card program：市政身份证件计划。
recreation (n.): 娱乐。

像“世界医生”（Doctors of the World）这样的组织为无证居民提供医疗保健支持，弥补了服务上的缺口。

Organizations like Doctors of the World support healthcare access, addressing gaps for undocumented residents.

Doctors of the World：世界医生，一个致力于提供医疗服务的国际组织。
addressing gaps：弥补缺口。

4. 卡尔加里 Calgary

卡尔加里是阿尔伯塔省的经济引擎，由石油和天然气驱动，在其 150 万居民中，移民人口占 31.5%。

Calgary, with a 31.5% immigrant population among its 1.5 million residents, is Alberta’s economic powerhouse, driven by oil and gas.

economic powerhouse：经济引擎/强国。
driven by：由……驱动。
oil and gas：石油和天然气。

尽管确切数字尚不清楚，但其在建筑和酒店业的机会可能吸引了无证移民。

Its opportunities in construction and hospitality likely attract undocumented immigrants, though exact numbers are unclear.

无证移民：该市的劳动力市场，尤其是在建筑业，表明存在明显的无证人口。

Undocumented Immigrants: The city’s labour market, particularly in construction, suggests a notable undocumented presence.

labour market：劳动力市场。
notable (adj.): 显著的，值得注意的。

5. 埃德蒙顿 Edmonton

埃德蒙顿是阿尔伯塔省的首府，在其 140 万居民中，移民人口占 26.0%，在建筑和服务业提供多样化的机会。

Edmonton, with a 26.0% immigrant population among its 1.4 million residents, is Alberta’s capital, offering diverse opportunities in construction and services.