一场从2024年夏天开始的贸易摩擦,正在迅速升级。中国商务部于本周二突然宣布对加拿大油菜籽进口征收高达75.8%的初步反倾销税。与此同时,被排除在中国市场多年的澳大利亚,似乎看到了一个巨大的“机会”。中国为何突然重拳出击?加拿大油菜籽产业又将面临怎样的困境?
从去年的电动车到今年的菜籽油,在渥太华对中方表态保持沉默之际,这场贸易战又将如何收场?我们一起来精读这条CBC的新闻👇
中国周二宣布对加拿大油菜籽进口征收初步反倾销税——这是自去年 8 月渥太华对中国电动汽车进口征收关税以来长达一年的贸易争端的新升级。
China on Tuesday announced a preliminary anti-dumping duty on Canadian canola imports — a fresh escalation in a yearlong trade dispute that began with Ottawa's imposition of tariffs on Chinese electric vehicle imports last August.
preliminary (adj.): 初步的。
anti-dumping duty:反倾销税。
canola imports:油菜籽进口。
fresh escalation:新升级,新的恶化。
trade dispute:贸易争端。
imposition of tariffs:征收关税。
Ottawa:渥太华,指加拿大联邦政府。
electric vehicle imports:电动汽车进口。
声明称,临时税率将定为 75.8%,从周四开始生效。
The provisional rate will be set at 75.8 per cent, effective from Thursday, the statement said.
provisional (adj.): 临时的。
rate (n.): 费率,税率。
effective from:从……开始生效。
中国是世界上最大的油菜籽(也称为油菜籽)进口国,几乎所有油菜籽供应都来自加拿大。
China is the world's largest importer of canola — also known as rapeseed — and sources nearly all of its supplies of the product from Canada.
importer (n.): 进口国。
canola:油菜籽,一种主要用于生产食用油的作物。
rapeseed:油菜籽,canola 是其改良品种,通常在北美使用。
sources (v.): 采购,获得。
supplies (n.): 供应。
一位新加坡油籽贸易商说:“这是巨大的。谁会支付 75% 的定金把加拿大的油菜籽运到中国?这就像在告诉加拿大,我们不需要你的油菜籽,非常感谢。”
"This is huge. Who will pay a 75 per cent deposit to bring Canadian canola to China? It is like telling Canada that we don't need your canola, thank you very much," said one Singapore-based oilseed trader.
huge (adj.): 巨大的,影响深远的。
deposit (n.): 定金,押金。
oilseed trader:油籽贸易商。
中国最活跃的郑州菜籽粕期货下跌 3%,为 6 月 26 日以来的最大单日跌幅。
China's most active Zhengzhou rapeseed meal futures slid three per cent, the biggest daily drop since June 26.
rapeseed meal futures:菜籽粕期货,是油菜籽加工后的副产品,在期货市场上交易。
slid (v.): 下跌,是 slide 的过去式。
daily drop:单日跌幅。
中国商务部周二表示,2024 年 9 月启动的一项反倾销调查发现,加拿大的农业部门——尤其是油菜籽行业——受益于“大量”政府补贴和优惠政策。
China's Ministry of Commerce said on Tuesday that an anti-dumping probe launched in September 2024 had found that Canada's agricultural sector — particularly the canola industry — had benefited from "substantial" government subsidies and preferential policies.
Ministry of Commerce:商务部。
anti-dumping probe:反倾销调查。
launched (v.): 发起。
agricultural sector:农业部门。
benefited from:受益于。
substantial (adj.): 大量的。
government subsidies:政府补贴。
preferential policies:优惠政策。
语气变化
Shift in tone
中国必须在调查正式结束的 9 月之前就关税做出最终决定,尽管它可以选择将该期限延长六个月。最终裁决可能会导致不同的税率或推翻周二的决定。
China has until September, when the investigation formally ends, to make a final decision on the duties, although it has the option of extending that deadline by six months. A final ruling could result in a different rate or overturn Tuesday's decision.
has until:在……之前有时间。
formally ends:正式结束。
final decision:最终决定。
has the option of:可以选择。
extending (v.): 延长。
final ruling:最终裁决。
overturn (v.): 推翻。
这一政策标志着与 6 月份的和解基调发生了转变,当时中国总理李强在与加拿大总理马克·卡尼的电话中表示,两国之间没有根深蒂固的利益冲突。
The policy marks a shift from the conciliatory tone struck in June, when China's Premier Li Qiang said there were no deep-seated conflicts of interest between the countries during a phone call with Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney.
marks a shift from:标志着从……的转变。
conciliatory tone:和解基调。
struck in:在……中形成/表现出。
deep-seated (adj.): 根深蒂固的。
conflicts of interest:利益冲突。
加拿大贸易和农业部长以及总理办公室没有立即回应路透社的置评请求。加拿大驻北京大使馆也没有立即回应路透社的置评请求。
Canada's trade and agriculture ministers and the Prime Minister's Office did not immediately respond to request for comment from Reuters. The Canadian Embassy in Beijing did not immediately respond to a Reuters request for comment.
trade and agriculture ministers:贸易和农业部长。
request for comment:置评请求。
Canadian Embassy:加拿大驻北京大使馆。
Reuters:路透社,国际新闻通讯社。
Trivium 中国农业分析师 Even Rogers Pay 表示:“此举……将给加拿大政府带来额外的压力,要求他们解决与中国的贸易摩擦。”
"This move … will put additional pressure on Canada's government to sort through trade frictions with China," said Trivium China agriculture analyst Even Rogers Pay.
put additional pressure on:给……带来额外的压力。
sort through:解决,理清。
trade frictions:贸易摩擦。
澳大利亚的机会
An opportunity for Australia
分析师表示,在短时间内更换数百万吨加拿大油菜籽可能很困难。
Replacing millions of tons of Canadian canola is likely to be difficult at short notice, say analysts.
millions of tons:数百万吨。
at short notice:在短时间内,仓促地。
中国主要使用进口油菜籽为其水产养殖部门制造动物饲料。今年 3 月份对加拿大菜籽粕进口征收的另一项关税已经使这些供应面临风险。
China primarily uses imported canola to make animal feed for its aquaculture sector. A separate duty on Canadian canola meal imports in March has already put these supplies at risk.
primarily (adv.): 主要地。
animal feed:动物饲料。
aquaculture sector:水产养殖业。
separate duty:另一项关税,单独的关税。
canola meal imports:菜籽粕进口,油菜籽压榨后的副产品,用于饲料。
put supplies at risk:使供应面临风险。
Pay 补充说,此举为澳大利亚提供了一个机会,在贸易冻结多年后,澳大利亚今年似乎将通过一些测试货物重新进入中国市场。
The move provides an opportunity for Australia, Pay added, which looks set to regain access to the Chinese market with a few test cargoes this year after a yearslong freeze in the trade.
looks set to:似乎将要。
regain access to:重新获得进入……的渠道。
test cargoes:测试货物,指小批量试探性运输。
a yearslong freeze:长达多年的冻结。
澳大利亚是第二大油菜籽出口国,自 2020 年以来一直被排除在中国市场之外,主要是由于中国为阻止真菌植物病害传播而制定的规定。
Australia, the second-largest canola exporter, has been shut out of the Chinese market since 2020 due mainly to Chinese rules to stop the spread of fungal plant disease.
shut out of:被排除在……之外。
due mainly to:主要由于。
fungal plant disease:真菌植物病害。
然而,大宗商品数据公司 CM Navigator 的分析师 Donatas Jankauskas 表示,即使澳大利亚进口增加,“除非进口需求急剧下降,否则完全取代加拿大油菜籽将非常困难。”
However, even if Australian imports increase, "fully replacing Canadian canola will be very difficult unless import demand drops sharply," said Donatas Jankauskas, an analyst with commodity data firm CM Navigator.
fully replacing:完全取代。
unless (conj.): 除非。
import demand:进口需求。
drops sharply:急剧下降。
commodity data firm:大宗商品数据公司。
2023 年,在调查开始前的最后一个完整年度,加拿大对中国的油菜籽出口总额为 50 亿美元。
Canadian canola exports to China totalled $5 billion in 2023, the last full year before the investigation began.
去年秋天,中国宣布将从 3 月起实施 100% 的关税税率,全国农民联盟表示,这将影响“压榨后出口到中国的油菜籽总产量中的一部分”,而不是油菜籽籽粒的进口。
Last fall, China announced it would apply a 100 per cent tariff rate effective March on what the National Farmers Union said would affect "the portion of total canola produced which is crushed for export to China," not canola seed imports.
National Farmers Union:全国农民联盟。
crushed (v.): 压榨。
export to:出口到。
这家总部位于萨斯喀彻温省的工会今年 3 月表示,对这一举措感到失望,但也强调,鉴于与美国的贸易量“呈指数级增长”,白宫对所有油菜籽进口产品征收潜在关税可能会造成更大的破坏。
The Saskatchewan-headquartered union said in March it was disappointed by the move, but also stressed that potential tariffs from the White House on all canola imports could be even more damaging given the "exponentially higher" volume in trade with the U.S.
disappointed by:对……感到失望。
stressed (v.): 强调。
potential tariffs:潜在关税。
damaging (adj.): 具有破坏性的。
given (prep.): 考虑到,鉴于。
exponentially higher:呈指数级增长的。
volume in trade:贸易量。