那句话怎么说来着？“全靠同行衬托”！——特朗普政府对H-1B签证重拳出击：新增10万美元申请费，让美国科技梦的成本陡然上升。此举或许会吓退大批想要留美的顶尖工程师，却为加拿大意外打开一扇大门。科技企业、移民律师和人才招聘方一致认为，加拿大正迎来“抢人红利”。

同时机会背后也有隐忧：加拿大是否只是美国的“候鸟中转站”？抑或能真正把握时机，打造属于自己的全球科技中心？

特朗普政府正在限制部分技术工人通过专项签证进入美国，加拿大科技行业则迫不及待地希望这一新限制能把更多人才吸引到北方。

As the Trump administration moves to limit some skilled workers from entering the U.S. on a specialized visa, the Canadian tech sector is champing at the bit — hoping the new restriction will send talent up north.

  • specialized visa：专项签证，这里指 H-1B。

  • champing at the bit：迫不及待，急切想要抓住机会。

H-1B 签证的支持者包括特斯拉创始人埃隆·马斯克，它是美国企业吸引国际科技人才的重要途径。

The H-1B visa, whose champions include Tesla founder Elon Musk, is a common immigration pathway for international tech talent recruited by U.S. companies. 

但白宫正在对新申请收取高达 10 万美元的费用，迫使企业要么为招人支付高昂费用，要么转而在美国境内寻找工人。

But the White House is slapping a $100,000 US fee on new applications for the visa, forcing companies to pay steeply for their recruits or otherwise find workers in the U.S.

  • slapping a fee：征收费用。

  • pay steeply：支付高昂的代价。

H-1B 签证本来就很难获得，每年都有成千上万的外国学生在美国大学毕业后发现自己无法留下来，佛蒙特州移民律师 Becky Fu von Trapp 说。

H-1B visas were already hard to get, as thousands of foreign students learn every year upon graduating from U.S. universities, says Becky Fu von Trapp, an immigration lawyer and founding partner at Von Trapp Law PLLC in Stowe, Vt.

“他们想留在美国，但抽签制度和签证数量限制迫使他们离开，”她说。

"They want to stay in America, but the lottery system and visa limits forced them out," she said.

  • lottery system：抽签制度，H-1B 的常见分配机制。

“加拿大正是通过吸纳这部分人才建立起一整个产业。而随着这笔 10 万美元的费用出台，这一趋势只会更加强烈，”她说。“这几乎像是一份礼物，因为美国每次关闭全球人才的大门，加拿大就获益。”

"Canada has built an entire industry by capturing this talent. And with this $100,000 fee, that trend is about to grow much stronger," she said. "This is almost a gift because every time the U.S. closes the door on global talent, Canada gains."

  • capturing this talent：吸纳人才。

  • close the door on：对…关上大门。

根据多名移民律师、人才招聘人员和公司高管的说法，美国限制新的 H-1B 签证几乎必然会让加拿大受益。但也有人认为，加拿大不能一直依赖南方邻居来“输送”顶尖科技人才。

Canada will almost certainly benefit from the U.S.'s move to limit new H-1B visas, according to immigration lawyers, talent recruiters and company executives who spoke with CBC News. But some argue that the country can't rely on its southern neighbour as a feeder for top tech talent, either.

  • feeder：输送来源。

“整体来看，加拿大都会因此获得净收益，”多伦多 Borders 律师事务所的创始合伙人、移民律师 Andres Pelenur 说。

"There's going to be a net benefit effect for Canada across the board," said Andres Pelenur, an immigration lawyer and founding partner at Borders Law Firm in Toronto.

该签证并不仅限于科技行业，但根据皮尤研究中心的数据，自 2012 年以来，60% 的 H-1B 签证持有人从事计算机相关工作，而苹果、亚马逊和谷歌等巨头也大量使用这一签证。

The visa isn't exclusive to the tech sector, but 60 per cent of H-1B holders approved since 2012 have held computer-related jobs, according to Pew Research — and the visa is used heavily by giants like Apple, Amazon and Google.

但即使拿到 H-1B，通往美国永久居留权（绿卡）的道路依然漫长且艰难，有时需要长达十年。

But even with an H-1B, the path to U.S. permanent residency, or a green card, is already long and difficult, sometimes taking up to a decade.

“我认为会有很多原本计划通过 H-1B 去美国的人，现在会转向加拿大，看看是否能在这里找到工作，”他说。

"I think we'll see a lot of people overseas who were planning to enter the U.S. on an H-1B, who are now going to pivot towards Canada and try to see if they can get a job here," he said.

  • pivot towards：转向，改变目标。

无法承担 10 万美元费用的中小型企业，可能会选择在加拿大开设办公室，让工人留在北美时区，同时节省成本和减少与加拿大签证相关的文书工作。

Smaller and medium-sized businesses that can't afford the $100,000 fee might instead open offices in Canada, he added — keeping those workers in North American time zones while facing less expense and paperwork for