最新数据显示，加拿大联邦法院今年移民案件数量或首次突破3万宗，平均审理时间已拖长至14-18个月。律师和专家直言，技术化处理、沟通渠道缩减，让越来越多申请人只能走上司法复核之路。面对司法拥堵与人力不足，移民体系的公平与效率正在遭受前所未有的考验。



联邦法院的“移民案件激增”挑战了司法公正的可及性，首席大法官表示

'Extraordinary' surge in immigration cases in Federal Court challenges access to justice, top judge says



法院工作人员预计，今年的案件数量将超过 30,000 件，其中一些案件需要 14 到 18 个月才能处理。

Court staff project filings to top 30,000 this year, with some cases taking 14-18 months.

  • project filings：预测立案数量。

  • to top 30,000：超过30,000件。

  • taking 14-18 months：花费14至18个月。



多伦多移民律师 Zeynab Ziaie Moayyed 看到越来越多延迟给客户带来的打击，这些客户正在挑战对他们不利的移民决定。

Lawyer Zeynab Ziaie Moayyed sees the toll that increasing delays at the Federal Court can take on her clients as they try to challenge immigration decisions that didn't go their way.

  • toll：损害、打击。

  • challenge immigration decisions：挑战移民决定（指上诉或司法复核）。

  • didn't go their way：不利于他们。



一些客户预计要等一年以上。这足以让他们失去整整一个学年，甚至丧失移民身份，把他们置于“悬而未决”的境地。

Some clients expect to wait more than a year. That's enough time, the Toronto-based lawyer says, to lose a full academic year or their immigration status, which could leave them in "limbo."

  • limbo：不确定状态，悬而未决。

  • lose a full academic year：失去一个学年。



“人类代价是巨大的。”她在最近一次采访中说。

"The human costs are significant," she said in a recent interview.

  • human costs：对个人生活/心理/未来的代价。



延迟源于要求法官审查移民官决定的人数激增，今年预计将达到前所未有的水平。

The delays come from the number of people asking for a judge to review an immigration officer's decision, which is projected to rise to unprecedented levels this year.

  • review a decision：司法审查。

  • unprecedented levels：前所未有的水平。



根据法院数据，2024年移民案件的平均处理时长为 14 至 18 个月。在此之前，Moayyed 说，通常只需 6 至 8 个月。

According to the court, the average length of time it took to deal with an immigration case in 2024 was 14 to 18 months. Moayyed said before the surge in filings, a wait of six to eight months was more typical.

  • average length of time：平均处理时间。

  • surge in filings：立案激增。



法院表示，移民案件已经延迟，在某些地区，资源有限导致排期更加困难。

It said immigration cases are already delayed, and in certain regions limited resources have led to delays in scheduling a "variety of cases."

  • scheduling：安排审理。

  • variety of cases：各种案件。



加拿大行政服务委员会（CAS） 表示，资金不足“破坏了司法独立，直接影响司法公正的可及性，并对司法体系的完整性提出严重关切。”

Underfunding "undermines judicial independence, directly [impacts] access to justice and raises serious concerns for the integrity of the justice system," the CAS said.

  • underfunding：资金不足。

  • integrity of the justice system：司法体系的完整性。



首席大法官表示，法院工作人员已经在寻找精简工作的办法。

The chief justice said the courts staff have looked for ways to streamline their work.

  • streamline：简化流程、提高效率。



“如果工作量不断增加，而工作人员却没有增加，那么就必须找到更高效的方式，精简某些环节。”

"If you have a growing workload and a workforce that's not growing, then you have to figure out how to do things more efficiently and streamline certain things."

  • workload：工作量。

  • workforce：人员配置。



在一封电子邮件中，加拿大司法部长 Sean Fraser 的办公室新闻经理 Lola Dandybaeva 表示，部长“重视联邦法院在确保司法公正方面的重要作用，并感谢首席大法官的观点。”

In an email, Lola Dandybaeva, manager of media relations for federal Justice Minister Sean Fraser's office, said the minister "values the important role of the Federal Court in ensuring access to justice and appreciates the perspective shared by the chief justice."

  • appreciates the perspective：赞赏这一观点。



Dandybaeva 表示，部长办公室将继续与法院讨论这些问题。

Dandybaeva said the minister's office will continue to discuss these issues with the courts.



Changes to streamline cases

简化案例的更改



在 9 月初，联邦法院缩短了某些类型的移民听证的标准时间，并限制了可提交文件的长度。

At the beginning of September, the Federal Court cut down the standard length of time for certain types of immigration hearings and limited the length of documents that could be filed.

  • cut down：缩减。

  • standard length of time：标准时长。

  • documents that could be filed：可提交的文件。



这些变化适用于关于 学习许可、工作许可和临时居民签证 的听证。首席大法官 Crampton 表示，这些案件通常比难民案件更为简单，因此这些变化是为了让 56 名联邦法院法官 每周能够处理更多案件。

The changes apply to hearings about study permits, work permits and temporary resident visas. Crampton said these are generally more straightforward than refugee cases, so the changes are an effort to allow the 56 Federal Court judges to handle more cases per week.

  • straightforward：简单明了。

  • temporary resident visas (TRV)：临时居民签证（通常指访客签证）。



他没有排除需要更多变革的可能性。

He didn't rule out the possibility that more changes will be needed.

rule out：排除可能性。



“我非常担心，如果没有额外资源，延迟将会增加，我们可能不得不采取其他措施，减少法院向公众提供的服务。”

"I'm quite concerned that in the absence of additional resources, delays are going to increase and we may have to take other measures that will reduce the services that the court provides to the public."

  • in the absence of：在缺乏……的情况下。

  • reduce the services：减少服务。



Concerns over errors

对错误的担忧


移民律师们一直在指出一些原因，他们认为这些原因导致人们对 IRCC 官员的决定 产生质疑，并选择诉诸法院寻求司法复核。

Immigration lawyers have been speaking out about some of the reasons they believe people are taking issue with IRCC officer decisions and choosing to go to court to seek judicial review.

  • taking issue with：对……表示不满/质疑。

  • judicial review：司法复核。



这些原因包括：担心移民官在作出决定时出错，可能没有认真审查申请文件。加拿大移民律师协会（CILA） 将这种担忧与 IRCC 开发的处理技术 联系起来，该技术旨在帮助官员更快做决定。

These include concerns that officers are making errors and may not be properly reviewing files, a concern that the Canadian Immigration Lawyers Association (CILA) has linked to processing technology developed by IRCC to enable officers to make faster decisions.

  • processing technology：处理技术（如数据分析、Chinook系统）。



在致 IRCC 的一封公开信中，该协会还提出了对联邦法院案件负担的担忧，并建议了一些在法院之外解决投诉的方法。

In an open letter to IRCC, the association also raised concerns about the Federal Court workload and proposed a number of methods of resolving complaints outside of court.

  • workload：工作负担。

  • resolving complaints：解决投诉。



Moayyed（CILA 成员）表示，与此同时，IRCC 为官员开发了处理技术，但她感觉 申请人若认为官员出错，想通过部门内部途径获得帮助越来越难。

Moayyed, a CILA member, says at the same time the IRCC has developed processing technology for officers, she feels it has grown more difficult for applicants who believe an officer has made an error to get help within the department from case managers or program managers.

  • case managers / program managers：案件经理/项目经理。



“我们过去会联系项目经理，并且在加拿大境内的申请尤其还有案件复审选项。但在过去几年，大多数这些沟通渠道都关闭了。”

"We used to reach out to program managers and there was a case review option in terms of applications, particularly those inside of Canada. But over the last few years, most of these channels have been closed down in terms of communication."

  • case review option：案件复审选项。

  • channels closed down：沟通渠道被关闭。



Moayyed 认为 IRCC 员工“负担过重”，以至于申请人得到回复的机会非常低。

Moayyed thinks IRCC staff are "overwhelmed" to the point the chances of getting a response are low.

overwhelmed：不堪重负。



“我不想说是零，但它已经变得远不如以前那样有效，无法解决错误问题。”

"I don't want to say it's zero, but it's become much less an effective way of trying to get a resolution on errors," she said.

  • resolution on errors：对错误的纠正/解决。



Moayyed 认为，这正导致越来越多的申请人寻求法院的帮助。

Moayyed believes this is contributing to more applicants seeking the court's time.



IRCC 告诉 CBC，它致力于“公平和非歧视性地执行移民程序”，但不会对在法院之外解决投诉的建议发表评论。

IRCC told CBC it's committed to a "fair and non-discriminatory application of immigration procedures" but wouldn't speculate on suggestions for new ways to resolve complaints outside court.

  • speculate on：对……作出推测/评论。



它还表示，客户和律师应使用 网络表格或电话 报告错误。

It also said clients and lawyers should use a web form or telephone line to report errors.



一些移民律师还指出，IRCC 的拒签信中常见套话。IRCC 的一些处理工具可以为官员生成 标准化答复，用于解释他们的拒绝理由。

Some immigration lawyers also point to boilerplate language in refusal letters from IRCC. Some of the department's processing aid tools can generate standardized answers for officers who wish to explain their refusal.

  • boilerplate language：套话、标准化语句。

  • processing aid tools：处理辅助工具。