一名墨尔本女性近30万澳元被骗转走，资金流入由印度留学生开设的多个银行账户。从澳大利亚到加拿大，犯罪组织正以几百元报酬为诱饵，将经济拮据的国际留学生发展为"钱骡"，利用其银行账户转移赃款。加拿大皇家骑警证实类似案件已在本国出现，有留学生因此面临驱逐令。与此同时，加拿大各大银行正借助人工智能和预测建模技术展开反击，试图在账户异常爆发前精准拦截。这场犯罪与反犯罪的技术博弈，远未结束。


本文带你精读这一全球性现象的来龙去脉。


骗局的起点和许多骗局一样，是有人冒充银行员工打来的电话。结局是：一名墨尔本女性的银行账户中近30万澳元（约合28.8万美元）被转出，并从自动取款机中被提走。

The scam started as many scams do, with a phone call from someone impersonating a bank employee. It ended with nearly 300,000 Australian dollars (about $288,000) being transferred out of a Melbourne woman's bank account and withdrawn from automated banking machines.

  • impersonate 冒充，假装，伪装
  • transferred out of 从（账户）中转出，固定搭配，常用于描述资金流出
  • withdrawn withdraw 的过去分词，在此指从银行账户中提取现金
  • automated banking machines 自动取款机，即 ATM（Automated Teller Machine）的另一种说法



澳大利亚金融情报机构将这一事件写入了2024年的报告，以引起公众对一个日益严重的问题的关注。

Australia's financial intelligence agency included the incident in a 2024 report to highlight a growing problem.

  • financial intelligence agency金融情报机构，专门负责监测可疑金融交易、防范洗钱和恐怖融资的政府部门
  • highlight在此意为"凸显、引起关注"，而非字面意义上的"高亮标注"



在获取了受害人资金的控制权后，诈骗者将钱款转入了11个不同的银行账户，其中大部分由来自印度的国际留学生所开设。

After gaining access to the victim's funds, the scammers transferred the money to 11 different bank accounts, most of which had been opened by international students from India.

  • gaining access to获取……的使用权或控制权，固定搭配
  • scammers诈骗者、骗子，scam（诈骗）的施动者名词形式



澳大利亚交易报告与分析中心表示，在现金被提取时，这些学生已经回国——这意味着有其他人在操控他们的银行账户。

At the time when the cash was being withdrawn, the students had already returned home – which meant someone else was controlling their bank accounts, the Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre said.

  • Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre澳大利亚交易报告与分析中心，简称 AUSTRAC，是澳大利亚负责反洗钱监管的金融情报机构


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这些留学生有意或无意地成为了所谓的"钱骡"——即代替他人转移非法所得资金的个人。

The students had, wittingly or unwittingly, become what are known as "money mules" – individuals who move illegally acquired funds on behalf of someone else.

  • wittingly明知故犯地、有意地；其反义词 unwittingly 意为"不知情地、无意中"
  • money mules"钱骡"，反洗钱领域的专业术语，指替他人转移非法资金的人
  • illegally acquired非法获取的，acquired 在此意为"获得的、取得的"
  • on behalf of代表、替……行事，固定短语



非法获取银行账户使用权正在成为一个日益严峻的全球性问题，犯罪组织试图通过越来越猖獗的诈骗活动转移其窃取的资金。

Illegally acquired access to bank accounts is becoming a growing problem around the world, as criminal organizations look to move money they have stolen through increasingly pervasive scams.

  • look to在此意为"寻求、试图"，而非字面意义上的"看向"
  • pervasive无处不在的、蔓延的，形容诈骗活动的覆盖面越来越广



去年十一月，澳大利亚联邦警察局发起了一项名为"你的名字，你的责任"的宣传活动，旨在提高公众对这一全球性现象的认识。

Last November, the Australian Federal Police launched a campaign, called "Your Name. Your Responsibility," to bring awareness to the global phenomenon.

  • Australian Federal Police澳大利亚联邦警察局，澳大利亚的联邦级执法机构
  • bring awareness to引起对……的关注、提高对……的意识，固定搭配
  • phenomenon现象，复数形式为 phenomena



该警方机构表示，有组织犯罪集团的成员一直通过社交媒体平台、即时通讯应用或当面接触国际留学生，出价200至500澳元换取使用其银行账户的权利。

Members of organized crime groups have been approaching international students through social media platforms, messaging apps or in real life, offering between 200 to 500 Australian dollars for the use of their bank accounts, the police agency said.

  • organized crime groups有组织犯罪集团，指有结构、有分工的犯罪团伙
  • approaching在此意为"接近、主动接触"，带有主动搭讪、拉拢的意味



有时，学生还能获得流经账户资金约10%的佣金。

Sometimes the students receive a commission of around 10 per cent of the funds that flow through the account, as well.

  • commission佣金、提成，指按交易额或服务金额的一定比例支付的报酬
  • flow through流经、流过，在此形容资金经由某账户中转



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对于在高消费国家求学、经济拮据的学生来说，这听起来像是一种轻松的赚钱方式——尤其是当他们即将回国、不打算再返回时。

For cash-strapped students who are studying in expensive countries, it can sound like an easy way to make some money – especially if they're heading home and not planning to return.

  • cash-strapped手头紧的、缺钱的，固定搭配，strapped 意为"被勒紧的"，形象表达经济拮据
  • heading home回家、回国，head 在此作动词，意为"朝某方向前进"



他们中的许多人并没有意识到，自己正在为跨境诈骗活动洗钱。

Many of them don't realize they're laundering money for cross-border scam operations.

  • laundering洗钱，launder 原意为"洗涤衣物"，引申为将非法资金通过复杂的金融操作使其看起来合法
  • cross-border跨境的、跨国的



加拿大皇家骑警表示，已发现有犯罪分子诱使国际留学生在加拿大的银行开设账户，然后利用这些账户协助洗钱和诈骗。

The RCMP said it has encountered instances in which criminals have influenced international students to open accounts at Canadian banks, then used the accounts to facilitate money laundering and fraud.

  • RCMPRoyal Canadian Mounted Police 的缩写，即加拿大皇家骑警，加拿大的联邦警察机构
  • encountered遇到、发现，语气比 found 更正式
  • influenced在此意为"诱使、施加影响"，带有操纵的含义
  • facilitate协助、为……提供便利，正式用语，常见于法律和政策语境



加拿大皇家骑警发言人罗宾·珀西瓦尔在一份声明中表示："学生常常是'钱骡'招募的目标。"

"Students are often targets for money mule recruitment," Robin Percival, a spokesperson for the RCMP, said in a statement.

  • money mule recruitment"钱骡"招募，指犯罪分子物色和拉拢替其转移资金之人的过程



有时，银行账户在网上被买卖，实际上形成了一个黑市。

Sometimes, bank accounts are bought and sold online, in what amounts to a black market.

  • what amounts to实际上等同于、相当于，固定短语，用于描述某事物的实质
  • black market黑市，指非法交易市场



总部位于蒙特利尔的网络犯罪研究公司 Flare Systems Inc. 表示，在最近12个月内共识别出4,337条出售或求购经过验证的加拿大账户的帖子。

Montreal-based cybercrime research firm Flare Systems Inc. said it identified 4,337 posts offering or requesting verified Canadian accounts during a recent 12-month period.

  • cybercrime网络犯罪，指利用计算机和网络实施的犯罪行为
  • verified经过验证的、已确认身份的，在此指完成了银行身份验证流程的账户



（经过验证的账户是指已确认所有权的账户，与被盗账户相比，被银行冻结的可能性更小。）

(Verified accounts are those that have had their ownership confirmed, making them less likely to get frozen by the bank than an account that has been stolen.)

  • get frozen被冻结，固定搭配，get + 过去分词表示被动，在金融语境中指银行暂停账户的使用权限



其中绝大多数帖子——共3,828条——都发布在即时通讯应用 Telegram 上。

The vast majority of those posts – 3,828 of them – were on the messaging app Telegram.

  • the vast majority of绝大多数，固定短语，vast 在此强调"压倒性的多数"



去年，诈骗受害者向加拿大反诈骗中心报告的损失总额超过7.04亿加元。

Fraud victims reported more than $704-million in losses to the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre last year.

  • fraud诈骗、欺诈，法律术语，指以欺骗手段非法获取他人财物的行为
  • Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre加拿大反诈骗中心，加拿大联邦政府设立的负责收集和分析诈骗案件信息的机构



这些损失据信仅占全部诈骗损失的5%至10%，已超过2024年向该机构报告的6.45亿加元。

Those losses, which are believed to represent just 5 to 10 per cent of all fraud, surpassed the $645-million reported to the agency in 2024.

  • surpassed超过、超越，语气比 exceeded 更强烈，常用于正式语境
  • "are believed to represent" 是被动语态，表示"据信代表着"，说明该数据并非确切统计，而是基于估计



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"钱骡账户生意就是一门'旋转门'生意，因为同一个账户很少能被反复使用超过几次，"萨帕斯洞察公司总裁戴维斯先生说道。该公司是一家专注于反洗钱、金融科技和人工智能的咨询公司。

"The mule account business is a revolving-door business, because very seldom can you reuse the same account more than a few times," said Mr. Davis, president of Surpass Insights Inc., an advisory firm that is focused on anti-money-laundering, fintech and artificial intelligence.

  • mule account"钱骡"账户，指被用于非法转移资金的银行账户
  • revolving-door旋转门式的，比喻不断更替、来了又走的状态
  • very seldom极少、很少；注意本句使用了倒装结构 "very seldom can you..."，否定副词位于句首时需将助动词提前
  • advisory firm咨询公司、顾问公司
  • fintech金融科技，financial technology 的缩写



"他们必须不断收割新的'钱骡'账户。所以，这就是他们把学生当作猎物的原因，也是他们把弱势群体当作猎物的原因。"

"They're always having to harvest new mule accounts. So, that's why they prey on the students; that's why they prey on the vulnerable."

  • harvest原意为"收割庄稼"，在此比喻大量搜罗、收集新的可用账户
  • prey on捕食、以……为猎物，引申为"欺压、剥削"，固定短语
  • the vulnerable弱势群体，the + 形容词表示一类人



贾廷·查哈尔是一名在加拿大留学的印度公民，2020年被指控在一起以加拿大税务局为核心的诈骗案中充当"钱骡"。他表示自己并不知道自己参与了犯罪活动。

Jatin Chahal, an Indian citizen studying in Canada who was accused of acting as a money mule in a scam centred around the Canada Revenue Agency in 2020, said he didn't realize he was involved in criminal activity.

  • accused of被指控……，固定搭配，of 后接所指控的行为
  • centred around以……为核心、围绕……展开，固定搭配（加拿大英语拼写为 centred，美式为 centered）
  • Canada Revenue Agency加拿大税务局，简称 CRA



根据加拿大移民与难民委员会2021年的裁决记录，查哈尔在作证时说："我当时急需用钱……我被人误导了。"

"I was in need of money and ... I got misleaded," Mr. Chahal testified, according to a 2021 decision by the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.

  • in need of急需……，固定短语，语气比 need 更正式
  • misleaded此处为转录原文中的语法错误，misled 才是 mislead 的正确过去式和过去分词形式。查哈尔的母语非英语，此处如实记录了他的用词
  • testified作证、提供证词，法律用语
  • Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada加拿大移民与难民委员会，简称 IRB，是加拿大负责审理移民和难民案件的独立行政裁判机构


查哈尔表示，他以为自己是在为一个名叫萨米尔的男子做一份工作。

Mr. Chahal said he believed he was doing a job for a man named Samir.



这份工作的内容包括接收现金包裹，然后将其交给另一个人，或将钱转入一个美国银行账户。

The job involved receiving packages of cash and either handing them off to another individual or transferring them into a U.S. bank account.

  • handing them off to把……交给、转交给，固定短语，hand off 常指将某物传递给下一个人



该裁判庭裁定，有合理理由相信查哈尔是某犯罪组织的成员，并对其发出了驱逐令。

The tribunal determined that there were reasonable grounds to believe that Mr. Chahal was a member of a criminal organization, and issued a deportation order against him.

  • tribunal裁判庭、审裁处，指具有司法或准司法职能的行政裁判机构
  • reasonable grounds合理理由，法律术语，指足以使一个理性之人形成某种信念的依据
  • deportation order驱逐令，指政府签发的要求某人离境的法律文书，移民法领域的核心术语



但裁判庭同时表示，没有充分证据证明他从事了洗钱犯罪活动。

But it said there was insufficient evidence that he'd engaged in the crime of money laundering.

  • insufficient evidence证据不足，法律术语，指现有证据不足以支持某项指控或结论
  • engaged in从事、参与，固定搭配，常用于正式语境描述参与某项活动



无论"钱骡"是否知情参与了犯罪活动，识别并关闭其账户对银行来说始终是一个持续的挑战。

Regardless of whether mules are knowingly participating in criminal activity or not, identifying and shutting down their accounts poses a continuing challenge for banks.

  • regardless of不管、无论，固定短语，后接名词或 whether 引导的从句
  • knowingly明知地、故意地，法律语境中常用来区分"知情犯罪"与"无意参与"
  • shutting down关闭、停止运作，在此指冻结并注销账户
  • poses构成、带来（挑战、威胁等），固定搭配 pose a challenge / pose a threat



"这个问题相当顽固且普遍，"戴维斯先生说。

"It's pretty persistent and common," said Mr. Davis.

  • persistent持续存在的、顽固的，强调问题难以根除、反复出现



人工智能或许能帮上忙。这项技术一直因助长诈骗而备受指责，例如生成越来越逼真的深度伪造内容，但它同样也在帮助金融机构打击诈骗。

AI may be able to help. The technology has been blamed for enabling fraud, for instance by creating increasingly realistic deep fakes, but it's also helping financial institutions tackle scams.

  • blamed for因……受到指责，固定搭配，blame sb/sth for sth 表示"归咎于"
  • for instance例如，固定短语，与 for example 同义，语气略偏正式
  • deep fakes深度伪造，指利用人工智能技术合成的高仿真音视频内容，常用于冒充他人身份实施诈骗
  • tackle应对、处理，语气比 deal with 更积极主动，带有"迎难而上"的意味



丰业银行正在部署人工智能来检测欺诈活动，包括识别"钱骡"账户，麦卡利斯特先生说。

At Scotiabank, AI is being deployed to detect fraudulent activity, including to identify mule accounts, Mr. McAllister said.

  • deployed部署、投入使用，常用于技术和军事语境，在此指将AI系统正式投入运行
  • fraudulent欺诈性的、涉嫌欺诈的，fraud 的形容词形式，法律和金融领域高频词



"我们拥有一支内部数据科学家团队，专门负责开发此类模型，以确保我们能在欺诈发生时及时识别，"麦卡利斯特先生说。

"We've got an in-house team of data scientists that work on developing these types of models to make sure that we're identifying fraud when it happens," Mr. McAllister said.

  • in-house内部的、公司自有的，固定搭配，指不外包而由机构内部人员完成
  • data scientists数据科学家，指运用统计学、机器学习等技术分析大数据的专业人员



丰业银行使用基于图模型的机器学习等工具来识别和捣毁"钱骡"账户网络，同时还会监控可能表明账户已被犯罪分子控制的行为变化。

Scotiabank uses tools such as graph-based machine learning to identify and take down networks of mule accounts, and the bank monitors changes in behaviour that could indicate an account has been co-opted by criminals.

  • graph-based machine learning基于图模型的机器学习，一种通过分析账户之间关联网络来发现异常模式的人工智能技术
  • take down捣毁、取缔，固定短语，常用于执法和网络安全语境，指摧毁犯罪网络或关闭违法平台
  • co-opted被挟持利用、被收编控制，原意为"吸纳入组织"，在此指账户被犯罪分子夺取控制权



Interac 公司欺诈产品负责人马克·海因斯表示，当一个账户从进行日常交易——如支付房租或购买日用品——突然转变为快速收发大额资金时，这种现象被称为"爆仓式异常"。

The moment when an account goes from making ordinary transactions, such as paying rent or buying groceries, to quickly sending and receiving large sums of money is referred to as a bust-out, according to Mark Hines, head of product, fraud at Interac Corp.

  • ordinary transactions日常交易、普通交易，指正常的消费和转账行为
  • bust-out"爆仓式异常"，金融反欺诈术语，指账户在短时间内从正常使用模式突然转变为大额异常交易的行为
  • Interac CorpInterac 公司，加拿大的银行间电子支付网络运营商，类似于中国的银联
  • "is referred to as" 是被动语态固定搭配，意为"被称为"，比 is called 更正式



海因斯先生表示，金融服务行业一直在使用预测建模技术，试图提前发现有可能转向犯罪活动的账户。

The financial services industry has been working with predictive modelling to try to spot accounts that are at risk ofpivoting to criminal activity, Mr. Hines said.

  • predictive modelling预测建模，指利用历史数据和算法来预判未来事件的技术手段（加拿大英语拼写为 modelling）
  • spot发现、识别，比 find 更强调"从大量信息中快速辨别出来"
  • at risk of有……风险的，固定搭配
  • pivoting to转向、转变为，pivot 原意为"以轴心旋转"，在此比喻账户用途发生根本性转变



"试图找到能提供预警信号的数据，这就是眼下所有人都在寻找的那个'秘方'，"他说。

"Trying to find the data that gives you the warning signal, that's sort of the magic sauce that everyone is looking for right now," he said.

  • warning signal预警信号，指能提示潜在风险或异常的数据指标
  • magic sauce秘方、秘诀，口语化表达，通常写作 secret sauce，意为"成功的关键因素"



其他银行也有相应的系统。加拿大帝国商业银行发言人马修·热内斯特表示，该行拥有"多层精密的安全与监控体系，能够有效帮助防止账户被用于欺诈活动"。

Other banks have systems in place, too. Mathieu Genest, a spokesperson for Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, said the bank has "sophisticated layers of security and monitoring that work effectively to help prevent the fraudulent use of accounts."

  • in place已到位的、已建立的，固定短语，表示系统或措施已经准备就绪并在运行中
  • Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce加拿大帝国商业银行，简称 CIBC，加拿大五大银行之一
  • sophisticated精密的、复杂而先进的，在此形容安全系统技术含量高



加拿大五大银行中的其余三家拒绝发表评论。

The other three Big Five Canadian banks declined to comment.

  • Big Five"五大行"，指加拿大最大的五家商业银行：RBC（皇家银行）、TD（道明银行）、BMO（蒙特利尔银行）、Scotiabank（丰业银行）和 CIBC（帝国商业银行）
  • declined to comment拒绝发表评论，固定搭配，declined 比 refused 语气更委婉、更正式