2026 年 5 月 5 日,加拿大总理马克·卡尼任命前最高法院大法官露易丝·阿布尔为新任总督。这位79岁的法语裔法学家曾在卢旺达和前南斯拉夫战争罪法庭担任检察官,并出任过联合国人权事务高级专员。在阿尔伯塔和魁北克可能举行独立公投的敏感时刻,卡尼强调阿布尔的法律背景将捍卫加拿大宪政秩序。阿布尔表示将以"深厚的责任感"履职,维护加拿大稳定的制度和法治传统。
总理马克·卡尼任命前最高法院大法官露易丝·阿布尔为加拿大下一任总督,选择了一位拥有漫长法律履历的法语裔人士,她曾在卢旺达和南斯拉夫起诉战争罪行,并担任过联合国人权事务高级专员。
Prime Minister Mark Carney has named former Supreme Court justice Louise Arbour as Canada's next governor general, picking a francophone with a long legal resumé which includes stintsprosecuting war crimes in Rwanda and Yugoslavia and serving as the UN human rights commissioner.
- named:在此指正式任命、提名某人担任职位
- picking:选择,此处强调经过挑选做出的决定
- francophone:法语裔人士,以法语为母语的人
- resumé:履历,职业经历的总结
- stints:任期,一段工作经历,通常指在某个岗位上的短期或阶段性工作
- prosecuting:起诉,控告,在法律语境中指代表政府对犯罪行为提起诉讼
阿布尔将担任国王的代表和加拿大武装部队总司令,接替即将退休的玛丽·西蒙——首位原住民总督,她的五年任期即将结束。
Arbour will serve as the King's representative and the commander-in-chief of Canada's Armed Forces, replacing the retiring Mary Simon, the first Indigenous governor general, whose five-year term is due to end soon.
- commander-in-chief:总司令,武装部队的最高统帅
- replacing:接替,取代某人的职位
- term:任期,担任某个职务的固定时间段
- due to:预定,按计划应该,表示某事即将按预期发生
79岁的阿布尔是她那个时代最负盛名的法学家之一。
Arbour, 79, is one of the most celebratedjurists of her time.
- celebrated:著名的,备受赞誉的,强调因成就而广受认可
- jurists:法学家,法律专家,指在法律领域有深厚造诣的专业人士
她已获得42个荣誉博士学位,并且已是加拿大勋章的同伴勋位获得者——这是该国的最高荣誉——以表彰她在国内外的开创性法律工作。
She has received 42 honorary doctorates and is already a Companion of the Order of Canada — the country's highest honour — in recognition of her pioneering legal work here and around the world.
- honorary doctorates:荣誉博士学位,大学授予杰出人士的荣誉性学位,无需完成学术课程
- Companion of the Order of Canada:加拿大勋章同伴勋位,加拿大荣誉制度中的最高级别
- in recognition of:为表彰,为承认,固定短语,表示因某种成就而给予认可
- pioneering:开创性的,首创的,指在某领域率先开展重要工作
周二在渥太华宣布这一任命时,卡尼表示阿布尔将成为"和平、秩序和良好政府传统的管理者"以及"宪政秩序的守护者"的典范。
In announcing the appointment in Ottawa on Tuesday, Carney said Arbour will be an exemplary "steward of our tradition of peace, order and good government" and the "guardian of our constitutional order."
- exemplary:典范的,模范的,值得效仿的
- steward:管理者,看管人,负责照管和维护某事物的人
- constitutional order:宪政秩序,基于宪法建立的政治和法律体系
"露易丝·阿布尔将向加拿大人和世界展现加拿大最好的一面。一个作为安全、繁荣和正义堡垒的国家——一座迷失海上世界的灯塔。一个对我们面临的挑战有清醒认识、对我们坚守的价值观坚定不移的加拿大,"他说。
"Louise Arbour will represent the best of Canada to Canadians and to the world. A country that's a bastion of security, prosperity and justice — a beacon to a world lost at sea. A Canada that is clear-eyed about the challenges we face and steadfast in the values we uphold," he said.
- bastion:堡垒,捍卫者,在某方面起保护或维护作用的力量
- beacon:灯塔,指引,为他人提供方向或希望的事物
- lost at sea:迷失在海上,比喻处于混乱或困境中找不到方向
- clear-eyed:头脑清醒的,有清晰认识的,不被幻想蒙蔽的
- steadfast:坚定的,不动摇的,对信念或原则始终如一
阿布尔表示她"怀着深厚的责任感"接受这一职务。
Arbour said she accepts the role "with a deep sense of duty."
- deep sense of:深厚的...感,强烈的...意识,固定搭配,表示某种情感或认知非常强烈
"这个国家的力量在于稳定的制度,这些制度以智慧管理,并通过对我们国家和地球福祉的渴望而得以维系,"她说。
"The strength of this country resides in stable institutions managed with wisdom and sustained through the desire for the well-being of our country and the planet," she said.
- resides in:存在于,在于,表示某事物的本质或核心所在
- managed:管理,治理
- sustained:维持,支撑,使某事物持续存在
- well-being:福祉,幸福安康,个人或群体的整体良好状态
当被问及是否认为自己是君主制拥护者时,阿布尔用法语表示她"并不真正知道这个词应该是什么意思",但表达了她对现行体制和国王作为国家元首的支持。
Asked if she considers herself a monarchist, Arbour said in French that she "doesn't really know what that term is supposed to mean" but voiced her support for the current system and the King as head of state.
- monarchist:君主制拥护者,支持君主制政体的人
- supposed to:应该,理应,表示按照预期或定义应有的含义
- voiced:表达,发声说出,公开表明观点或立场
- head of state:国家元首,一国的最高代表人物
"我将在一种宪政安排中担任王室的代表,这种安排在我们整个历史中、尤其是近几十年来都非常好地服务了加拿大。这一体系将继续为我们的制度和治理形式提供连续性,"她说。
"I will be the representative of the Crown in a constitutional arrangement that has served Canada extremely well throughout our history, even more in recent decades. A system that will continue to provide continuity in our institutions and form of governance," she said.
- constitutional arrangement:宪政安排,基于宪法建立的政治体系和权力分配方式
- served:服务于,对...有益,此处指某种制度对国家发挥了积极作用
- continuity:连续性,延续性,制度或传统保持稳定和不中断的特性
从科索沃到卢旺达
From Kosovo to Rwanda
卡尼在国家宪政框架面临严峻挑战——即阿尔伯塔和魁北克可能举行分离公投——之际,强调了阿布尔的法律资质。
Carney stressed Arbour's legal bona fides at a time when there are serious challenges to the country's constitutional framework, namely possible separation referendums in Alberta and Quebec.
- bona fides:真实性,资质,拉丁语词汇,表示某人的真实资格或可信度
- separation referendums:分离公投,关于某地区是否脱离国家独立的全民投票
阿布尔间接提到了这些困难。"如果我们面临逆境,能够在场将是一种特权,"她用法语说。
Arbour obliquelyreferenced those difficulties. "It will be a privilege to be present if we face adversity," she said in French.
- obliquely:间接地,含蓄地,不直接明说而是暗示
- referenced:提到,引用,指涉某个话题或问题
- adversity:逆境,困境,不利的处境或挑战
"加拿大是一个美妙的国家,由其人民、观点和经历的多样性塑造而成,但我认为它也主要是由对强大公共机构和法治的共同尊重所塑造的。"
"Canada is a wonderful country, shaped by its diversity of people, of perspectives and experiences, but I think shaped also mostly by a common respect for strong public institutions and for the rule of law."
- shaped by:由...塑造,被...形成,表示某事物受特定因素影响而形成特征
- diversity:多样性,多元化,不同种类、背景或观点的丰富性
- rule of law:法治,法律统治的原则,强调法律面前人人平等、依法治国
阿布尔职业生涯的大部分时间都在打击臭名昭著的人权侵犯者。
Arbour has spent much of her career taking onnotorious human rights abusers.
- taking on:对抗,承担,接受挑战,此处指与强大或危险的对手较量
- notorious:臭名昭著的,因恶行而广为人知的
- abusers:施虐者,侵犯者,实施虐待或侵害行为的人
她因前南斯拉夫领导人斯洛博丹·米洛舍维奇参与科索沃种族清洗而起诉他犯有危害人类罪,并领导了起诉1994年卢旺达种族灭绝高层责任人的法庭。
She prosecuted former Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milošević for crimes against humanity after his involvement in the ethnic cleansing of Kosovo and also led the tribunal that prosecuted high-level perpetrators of the 1994 Rwandan genocide.
- prosecuted:起诉,控告
- crimes against humanity:危害人类罪,国际法中针对平民的大规模系统性犯罪
- involvement in:参与,卷入某事件或活动
- ethnic cleansing:种族清洗,通过暴力手段清除特定族群的行为
- tribunal:法庭,特别法庭,为特定案件设立的司法机构
- perpetrators:作恶者,罪犯,实施犯罪行为的人
- genocide:种族灭绝,有计划地消灭某个民族、种族或宗教群体的行为
"民族、族裔、种族或宗教不容忍是现代世界的瘟疫,"她在判处前胡图族领导人让·坎班达煽动针对图西族的种族灭绝罪后在一份声明中说。
"National, ethnic, racial or religious intolerance is the plague of the modern world," she said in a statement after sentencing former Hutu leader Jean Kambanda for inciting genocide against the Tutsis.
- intolerance:不容忍,偏执,对不同群体或观点的敌视态度
- plague:瘟疫,灾祸,造成严重危害的事物
- inciting:煽动,怂恿,激起他人实施某种行为
她后来被任命为联合国国际移民问题特别代表,在那里她帮助制定了一项关于移民的非约束性全球协定。
She was later appointed the UN Special Representative for International Migration, where she helped craft a non-binding global pact on migration.
- craft:制定,精心制作,仔细设计某项政策或协议
- non-binding:非约束性的,不具法律强制力的,各方可自愿选择是否遵守
- pact:协定,条约,各方之间的正式协议
支持者称赞该协议是为难民流动带来更多秩序的一种方式,但也受到包括加拿大保守党在内的其他人的批评,认为它可能威胁国家主权。
Supporters hailed that agreement as a way to bring more order to the flow of refugees but was criticized by others, including Canadian Conservatives, as a possible threat to national sovereignty.
- hailed:称赞,欢呼,高度评价某事物
- national sovereignty:国家主权,国家对其内部事务拥有最高权力且不受外部干涉的原则
在1990年代为一份具有里程碑意义的报告调查联邦监狱女囚犯受虐待问题后,阿布尔成为了囚犯权利的倡导者。作为最高法院大法官,她是索维诉加拿大案多数派的一员,该案确立了联邦囚犯的投票权。
After investigating the mistreatment of female inmates in federal penitentiaries for a landmark report in the 1990s, Arbour became a prisoners' rights advocate. As a Supreme Court justice, she was part of the majority in the Sauvé vs. Canada decision that instituted voting rights for federal prisoners.
- mistreatment:虐待,不当对待,对某人施加不公正或残酷的行为
- inmates:囚犯,在押人员
- penitentiaries:监狱,尤其指关押重刑犯的联邦监狱
- landmark:里程碑式的,具有重大意义和影响的
- instituted:建立,设立,正式引入某项制度或权利
她还倡导过2SLGBTQ+权利,并参与了过去最高法院的一项裁决,该裁决阻止了不列颠哥伦比亚省一个学校董事会以宗教理由禁止包含同性父母家庭的书籍。
She has also advocated for 2SLGBTQ+ rights and was part of a past top court decision that blocked a B.C. school board from banning books that featuresame-sex parented families on religious grounds.
- advocated for:为...辩护,倡导,固定短语,表示积极支持和推动某项权利或事业
- blocked:阻止,制止,使某项行动无法进行
- banning:禁止,正式禁令不允许某事物存在或使用
- feature:以...为特色,包含,展示某种内容
- same-sex parented families:同性父母家庭,由同性伴侣抚养子女的家庭
后来,作为联合国人权事务高级专员,她支持制定日惹原则,该原则将国际人权法应用于性取向和性别认同问题。
Later, as UN human rights commissioner, she supported the development of the Yogyakarta Principles, which apply international human rights law to sexual orientation and gender identity issues.
- Yogyakarta Principles:日惹原则,2006年制定的关于将人权法应用于性取向和性别认同的国际法律原则
- sexual orientation:性取向
- gender identity:性别认同






