导读
从2015年的世界第五,到如今被列入“最大输家”之列,加拿大人的幸福感究竟经历了怎样的变化?年轻人的幸福感为何“急剧下滑”?是什么因素在影响着我们的生活满意度?更令人意外的是,一项关于“失物归还”的研究揭示了幸福感与人性善意之间的紧密联系……影响幸福感的因素究竟有哪些?加拿大人这些年在心态上经历了什么?神通小助手带大家一起解读这份最新的《世界幸福报告》!
根据周四发布的年度报告,加拿大在全球《世界幸福报告》中排名下降至第18位,比去年下降了三位,并被列为过去二十年“幸福感下降最严重的国家”之一。
Canada has slipped to 18th place in the global World Happiness Report, down three spots from last year and placing it among the "largest losers" in happiness rankings over the last two decades, according to the annual report released Thursday.
slip to (v.) 缓慢、逐渐下降到(某个排名或位置)
spot" 在这里是 “名次” 的意思
placing it among 使其成为……之一
over the last two decades 过去二十年来
在2015年的报告中,加拿大曾达到巅峰,排名第五。而如今跌至第18位,创下自2005年开始调查以来的最低纪录。美国的排名也降至历史最低的第24位,曾在2012年达到最高点(第11名)。英国的排名则下降至第23位。
At its peak, in the 2015 report, Canada had placed fifth. At 18th, Canada has dropped to its lowest-ever position since the polling began in 2005. The United States has also dropped to its lowest-ever position at 24th, having previously peaked at 11th place in 2012. The U.K. fell to 23rd.
At its peak 处于巅峰时期 "peak" 作名词时表示“顶峰” placed fifth 排名第五 "place" 作为动词,表示“位列、排名” lowest-ever position 有史以来最低排名 having previously peaked at 11th place 之前最高达到第11名,使用分词形式:表示在当前句子的主要动作(排名下降)之前,已经发生了一个最高点的事件
industrial (adj.) 工业化的 less happy than they were 幸福感低于过去
加拿大人的幸福感急剧下降
尽管国家排名是基于人们对自己生活的评分,但报告作者使用了六个变量来解释国家之间的差异:是否有可以依靠的人、人均国内生产总值(GDP)、健康预期寿命、做人生选择的自由、慷慨程度以及对腐败的看法。
While the country rankings are based on asking people to rate their own lives, the authors use six variables that can help explain the variation between countries: Having someone to count on, GDP per capita, healthy life expectancy, freedom to make life choices, generosity and perceptions of corruption.
ranking (n.) 排名
be based on 以……为基础 rate (v.) 评分,评价 variable (n.) 变量,影响因素 variation (n.) 变化,差异 count on (v.) 依靠,指望 GDP per capita 人均国内生产总值(GDP) healthy life expectancy 健康预期寿命 freedom to make life choices 做人生选择的自由 generosity (n.) 慷慨,大方 perception of corruption 对腐败的看法
- respectively (adv.) 分别地,表示前后数据一一对应
- dissatisfied with 对……不满意,强调主观情感。
多伦多大学心理学系助理教授、加拿大人口福祉研究主席Felix Cheung表示:“人们倾向于认为幸福是个人问题,是个人的责任,但研究人员认为情况并非总是如此。”
There's a tendency for people to think of happiness as a personal issue and a person's own responsibility, but researchers believe that's not always the case, said Felix Cheung, a Canada Research Chair in population well-being and assistant professor in the department of psychology at the University of Toronto.
tendency (n.) 倾向
think of … as … 认为……是……
not always the case 固定表达,表示“情况并不总是这样”。
"When one person is unhappy, that's an individual issue," said Cheung, who is also a co-author of the World Happiness Report as well as the 2024 Canadian Happiness Report.
individual (adj.) 个人的,和他人无关的
co-author (n.) 合著者
structural (adj.) 结构性的 require (v.) 需要,必须,常用于正式表达
In the new World Happiness Report, Canada's economy played a large role in its ranking, but human connections mattered, too.
play a (large) role in 在……中起(重要)作用
matter (v.) 重要,有影响
Researchers say that beyond health and wealth, some factors that influence happiness sound deceptively simple: sharing meals with others, having somebody to count on for social support and household size.
beyond (prep.) 超出,除……之外 deceptively (adv.) 乍看之下(暗指:表面与实际情况不同) count on 依靠,指望
In the U.S., for example, more people tend to eat lunches and dinners alone. This is especially true for younger people.
tend to (v.) 倾向于
especially (adv.) 尤其,特别是
Believing in the kindness of others is also much more closely tied to happiness than previously thought, according to the latest findings. And people are also more helpful than we think they are.
be tied to 与……相关
previously (adv.) 之前,以前
As an example, the report suggests people who believe that others are willing to return their lost wallet is a strong predictor of the overall happiness of a population. And actual rates of wallet return are around twice as high as people expect.
be willing to 愿意做……
predictor (n.) 预测指标 twice as high as 是……的两倍
One of the studies researchers looked at happened in Toronto, by comparing experimentally dropped wallets with large samples of answers from Toronto respondents to the Canadian General Social Survey, according to the report.
experimentally (adv.) 通过实验方式
respondent (n.) 受访者
The expected rate of return was 23 per cent. The actual return was over 80 per cent. "People are much too pessimistic about the benevolence of others," notes the report.
expected (adj.) 预期的 actual (adj.) 实际的 pessimistic (adj.) 悲观的
benevolence (n.) 善意,仁慈