53万移民合法身份一夜失效？美国最高法院引发移民震荡

美国最高法院周五批准唐纳德·特朗普总统政府撤销数十万名居住在美国的委内瑞拉人、古巴人、海地人和尼加拉瓜人的临时合法身份，进一步支持这位共和党总统加快遣返的行动。

The U.S. Supreme Court on Friday let President Donald Trump's administration revoke the temporary legal status of hundreds of thousands of Venezuelan, Cuban, Haitian and Nicaraguan migrants living in the United States, bolstering the Republican president's drive to step up deportations.

• revoke (v.) 撤销：正式取消权利或许可

• temporary legal status (n.) 临时合法身份：暂时允许在美合法居留的身份

• bolster (v.) 支持，增强：加强某种趋势、主张

• drive (n.) 推动，运动：此处指一项政治/政策上的积极行动

• step up (phr. v.) 加快，提高：增加强度或频率

• deportation (n.) 遣返：将外国人依法驱逐出境

最高法院搁置了波士顿联邦地区法官英迪拉·塔尔瓦尼的命令，该命令曾阻止政府终止由特朗普的前任乔·拜登授予的“移民假释”计划，该计划涉及 53.2 万名移民。这可能导致许多人在案件仍在下级法院审理期间就面临迅速驱逐的风险。

The court put on hold Boston-based U.S. District Judge Indira Talwani's order halting the administration's move to end the immigration "parole" granted to 532,000 of these migrants by Trump's predecessor, Joe Biden. That potentially exposes many of them to rapid removal while the case plays out in lower courts.

• put on hold (phr.) 暂停：暂缓执行

• halt (v.) 阻止，中止：使停止进行

• immigration parole (n.) 移民假释：一种特殊许可，使人暂时合法留在美国

• predecessor (n.) 前任：前任总统/领导人

• rapid removal (n.) 快速遣返：加速驱逐外国人的程序

• play out (phr. v.) 展开，进展：案件在法院中继续处理

与该法院许多紧急发布的裁定一样，此次决定没有署名，也未说明理由。该法院三位自由派大法官中的两位，凯坦吉·布朗·杰克逊和索尼娅·索托马约尔，公开表示反对。

As with many of the court's orders issued in an emergency fashion, the decision was unsigned and gave no reasoning. Two of the court's three liberal justices, Ketanji Brown Jackson and Sonia Sotomayor, publicly dissented.

• in an emergency fashion (phr.) 以紧急方式：迅速而不经全面审理地作出决定

• unsigned (adj.) 未署名的：不透露法官个人信息

• give no reasoning：未提供裁决理由

• dissent (v.) 异议：公开反对法院多数意见

杰克逊写道，此决定“低估了在法律申诉仍待审时，政府突然颠覆近 50 万非公民生活和生计的毁灭性后果。”

The outcome, Jackson wrote, "undervalues the devastating consequences of allowing the government to precipitously upend the lives and livelihoods of nearly half a million non-citizens while their legal claims are pending."

• outcome (n.) 结果：判决的最终结果

• undervalue (v.) 低估：未重视严重性

• devastating (adj.) 毁灭性的：造成极大伤害的

• precipitously (adv.) 突然地，草率地：非常迅速且未经充分考虑

• upend (v.) 彻底打乱：使生活颠覆

• livelihood (n.) 生计：维持生活的手段

• pending (adj.) 待定的，未裁决的：法律申诉尚未结案

“移民假释”是美国法律下的一种临时许可形式，允许因“紧急人道主义理由或重大公共利益”而留在美国，持有者可以在美合法生活和工作。

Immigration parole is a form of temporary permission under American law to be in the country for "urgent humanitarian reasons or significant public benefit," allowing recipients to live and work in the United States.

• temporary permission (n.) 临时许可：有时限的合法逗留权利

• urgent humanitarian reasons：紧急人道主义理由（如逃避暴力）

• public benefit (n.) 公共利益：对社会或国家有利的理由

• recipient (n.) 接受者：获准者

民主党人拜登曾将假释作为其政府在美墨边境遏制非法移民的手段之一。

Biden, a Democrat, used parole as part of his administration's approach to deter illegal immigration at the U.S.-Mexican border.

• deter (v.) 威慑，阻止：使人不敢做某事

• illegal immigration (n.) 非法移民：未经允许越境进入国家的人群

特朗普在他上任首日（1月20日）签署行政命令，要求终止人道假释项目。随后，国土安全部于3月决定取消这些假释，使两年期的许可提前终止。

Trump called for ending humanitarian parole programs in an executive order signed on January 20, his first day back in office. The Department of Homeland Security subsequently moved to terminate them in March, cutting short the two-year parole grants. 

• executive order (n.) 行政命令：总统直接下达的政策命令

• cut short (phr. v.) 缩短，中止：提前终止

政府表示，撤销假释身份将便于将移民纳入称为“加速遣返”的快速驱逐流程。

The administration said revoking the parole status would make it easier to place migrants in a fast-track deportation process called "expedited removal."

• fast-track (adj.) 快速的：加快处理的流程

• expedited removal (n.) 快速驱逐：移民局可在未经法庭听证的情况下驱逐某些人

这起案件只是特朗普政府以“紧急程序”方式提交给美国最高司法机构、试图推翻下级法官裁定的一系列案件之一，这些裁定阻碍了他的一系列全面政策，其中包括多项针对移民的政策。

The case is one of many that Trump's administration has brought in an emergency fashion to the nation's highest judicial body seeking to undo decisions by judges impeding his sweeping policies, including several targeting immigrants.

• in an emergency fashion（副词短语）：以紧急方式。说明不是正常流程，而是快速推动。

• the nation's highest judicial body：即美国最高法院（the U.S. Supreme Court）

• undo (v.)：推翻、撤销（法庭判决、政策）

• impede (v.)：阻碍，妨碍（正式用法）

• sweeping (adj.)：广泛的，全面的。指政策影响深远，不只是局部调整。

• targeting immigrants（现在分词短语作定语）：修饰 policies，表明这些政策的目标是移民。

最高法院还于 5 月 19 日允许特朗普取消一项名为“临时保护身份”（TPS）的遣返保护措施。该保护原本是拜登政府授予给约 35 万名居住在美国的委内瑞拉人，目前这项法律争议仍在审理中。

The Supreme Court on May 19 also let Trump end a deportation protection called temporary protected status that had been granted under Biden to about 350,000 Venezuelans living in the United States, while that legal dispute plays out.

• let sb. do sth.：允许某人做某事，这里用来表示法院准许/放行某项行为

• temporary protected status (TPS)：临时保护身份，一种特殊的美国移民身份保护机制，通常给予来自战乱或灾难国家的移民

• grant (v.)：授予，通常用于正式语境下（法律、权利等）

• while that legal dispute plays out：意为“在那场法律争议尚未结束期间”；play out 是指（事件或争端）发展、继续进行，常用于法律或媒体语境

原告是一群获得假释的移民以及作为其担保人的美国人。他们起诉政府官员，指控其违反了关于联邦机构行为的法律。

The plaintiffs, a group of migrants granted parole and Americans who serve as their sponsors, sued administration officials claiming the administration violated federal law governing the actions of government agencies.

• sue (v.) 起诉：通过法律程序控告某人

• violate (v.) 违反：不遵守规定或法律

• govern (v.) 管理、约束：此处指法律适用于哪些行为

原告之一、“海地桥联盟”执行主任格尔琳·约瑟夫对周五的判决表达了失望。

Guerline Jozef, executive director of Haitian Bridge Alliance, one of the plaintiffs, expressed dismay at Friday's decision.

• express dismay (v. phr.) 表达震惊或失望：表示强烈负面情绪

• executive director (n.) 执行主任：非营利组织的首席负责人

“特朗普政府再次公然表现出对真正需要保护者的漠视，通过剥夺他们的身份使他们变为无证状态，”约瑟夫说。

"Once again, the Trump administration blatantly proves their disregard for the lives of those truly in need of protection by taking away their status and rendering them undocumented," Jozef said.

• blatantly (adv.) 公然地，毫不掩饰地：强调行为的明显与激进

• disregard (n.) 漠视：对重要事物缺乏重视或尊重

• render sb. undocumented：使某人变为无证移民

“这有多严重，我怎么强调都不为过：最高法院允许特朗普政府引发广泛混乱，不只是对我们的客户和集体成员，还有他们的家庭、工作单位和社区，”代表原告的“司法行动中心”主任凯伦·图姆林补充说。

"I cannot overstate how devastating this is: the Supreme Court has allowed the Trump administration to unleash widespread chaos, not just for our clients and class members, but for their families, their workplaces and their communities," added Karen Tumlin, director of Justice Action Center, one of the groups representing the plaintiffs.

• overstate (v.) 夸大：通常为否定句表示强调事实严重性

• unleash (v.) 释放，激发：引发（混乱、暴力等）

• widespread chaos (n.) 大范围混乱：指社会系统性失序

塔尔瓦尼法官在 4 月份裁定，管理此类“假释”项目的法律并不允许整项政策被“一刀切”地终止，而是要求逐案审查。波士顿的美国第一巡回上诉法院拒绝暂停该法官的裁决。

Talwani in April found that the law governing such parole did not allow for the program's blanket termination, instead requiring a case-by-case review. The Boston-based 1st U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals declined to put the judge's decision on hold.

• govern (v.) 管理，约束（此处指法律对政策的约束）

• parole (n.) 假释，移民中指临时居留许可

• blanket termination (n.) 全面终止，“blanket” 表示无差别的、整体的

• case-by-case (adj.) 个别审查的，逐案处理的

• decline to (v.) 拒绝做某事（正式）

• put...on hold (phr.) 暂停，搁置（政策、裁定等）

在提交给最高法院的文件中，司法部表示塔尔瓦尼的裁决颠覆了“旨在阻止非法入境、经过精心设计的重要移民政策”，实际上是“推翻了在 11 月总统大选中获得民主程序支持的政策”。

In its filing, the Justice Department told the Supreme Court that Talwani's order had upended "critical immigration policies that are carefully calibrated to deter illegal entry," effectively "undoing democratically approved policies that featured heavily in the November election" that returned Trump to the presidency.

• filing (n.) 法律文件，提交的正式陈述

• upend (v.) 打乱，颠覆（系统或政策）

• critical (adj.) 关键的、重要的

• calibrated (adj.) 精心设定的，精准调整的（通常用于政策或工具）

• deter (v.) 威慑，阻止

• effectively (adv.) 实质上，事实上

• democratically approved (adj.) 经民主程序通过的

• feature heavily in... 在……中占重要位置（如竞选、政策辩论）

特朗普在竞选时承诺将实施几十年来美国规模最大的驱逐行动，尽管目前尚不清楚他的政府将如何在实际操作上实现这一目标。

Trump campaigned on a promise to enact the largest wave of deportations seen in the U.S. in decades, though it's not clear how his administration would do so, operationally.

• campaign on (phr. v.) 以……为竞选纲领

• enact (v.) 实施，执行（法律或政策）

• wave of deportations (n.) 驱逐潮，大规模遣返

• operationally (adv.) 在操作层面，实际执行上