美国再对加拿大加码钢铝关税，渥太华强硬回应

特朗普的午夜操作

美国总统特朗普再签行政令，将对加拿大钢铁和铝的进口关税翻倍至50%。这一决定引发加拿大政府和产业界强烈反弹。总理办公室指责美国做法“非法且毫无正当性”，并表示正加紧谈判寻求解决方案。面对这场加税风暴，加拿大将如何自保？本期神通小助手带你看清事态全貌👇

U.S. President Donald Trump on the South Lawn of the White House on Friday. Trump signed an executive order on Tuesday doubling the tariffs on steel and aluminum imports to 50 per cent, to take effect at midnight. (Kent Nishimura/Reuters) 美国总统唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）周五在白宫南草坪上。特朗普在周二签署了一项行政命令，将钢铁和铝进口的关税增加一倍，达到50％，在午夜生效。（肯特·尼希村/路透社）

美国总统唐纳德·特朗普周二签署了一项行政命令，将钢铁和铝的进口关税提高一倍至50%，一位加拿大业内官员警告说，此举将造成“无法挽回的后果”。

U.S. President Donald Trump signed an executive order on Tuesday doubling the tariffs on steel and aluminum imports to 50 per cent, a move one Canadian industry official warned would have "unrecoverable consequences."

executive order：行政命令，是美国总统可直接签署具有法律效力的命令；此类概念是了解美国政治体系的关键文化知识点。
doubling 现在分词作宾语补足语，描述动作“加倍”
a move...：这是一个同位语结构，用来解释前面的动作；结构中常用 a move that... 表示“这一举动……”
unrecoverable consequences：unrecoverable (adj.) 表示“无法挽回的”，consequence (n.) 表示“后果”；这是正式场合中表达严重负面影响的常见搭配

根据这项命令，新关税将在午夜生效。

The new rate will take effect at midnight, according to the order.

take effect：常用固定搭配，表示“开始生效、生效”；是行政、政策类新闻中的高频表达
at midnight：介词 at 表示“在几点钟”；记忆：表示一个具体的时间点时用 at，比如 at 6 p.m., at noon
according to the order：according to 表示“根据……”，是引述权威来源的常用表达

“虽然此前实施的钢铁和铝关税在美国市场提供了关键的价格支持，但这些关税尚未使这些行业实现可持续发展的产能利用率，也无法满足国家防务的预期需求，”该命令写道，该命令在全球市场收盘后被发布在网上。

"Although the previously imposed steel and aluminum tariffs have helped provide critical price support in the United States market, they have not yet enabled these industries to develop and maintain the rates of capacity production utilization that are necessary for the industries' sustained health and for projected national defence needs," read the order, which was published online after global markets closed.

previously imposed 是过去分词作定语，"此前征收的"，修饰“关税”
critical price support：critical (adj.) 表示“关键的、至关重要的”；price support 是经济类术语，表示“价格支撑”

capacity production utilization 产能的使用率
sustained (adj.) 表示“持续的”
health 在这里是比喻用法，指行业的“健康”发展
projected (adj.) 表示“预测的”，在经济或政策语言中很常见
national defence “国家防务”
read the order：此句是倒装结构，原句应为 The order read；“read”在这里是“写道”的意思，时态为过去式，发音仍是 [red]

“我已经判断，提高原先实施的关税将更好地支持这些产业，并减少或消除进口钢铁和铝制品对国家安全构成的威胁。”

"I have determined that increasing the previously imposed tariffs will provide greater support to these industries and reduce or eliminate the national security threat posed by imports of steel and aluminum articles."

I have determined that...：正式语体中表示“我已做出判断/决定”；determine (v.) 是“决定、判定”
provide greater support：greater 是比较级，“更大程度的支持”
reduce or eliminate：表示两种可能的动作，是政策类语言中常见搭配。
national security threat posed by...：pose (v.) 表示“构成（威胁）”，是写作和新闻报道中的高级表达；articles 在这里是法律用语，表示“物品”

此举加剧了对加拿大两大省份工业的威胁：安大略是钢铁生产中心，魁北克则是全球重要的铝生产地。

The move deepens the threat against industries in Canada's two largest provinces: Ontario as a steel-production hub and Quebec is a major global aluminum producer.

deepens the threat：deepen (v.) 表示“加剧，加深”，常用于描述负面影响加重
steel-production hub：hub (n.) 表示“中心、枢纽”，此搭配描述产业集中地
a major global aluminum producer：结构清晰，producer (n.) 是“生产国/生产者”

加拿大总理马克·卡尼的办公室在一份声明中表示，美国没有正当理由加倍征收关税。

In a statement, Prime Minister Mark Carney's office said the United States had no legitimate reason to double its tariffs.

In a statement：是新闻报道中常用的表达结构
legitimate (adj.) 表示“合理的，合法的”；词汇较正式，常出现在法律或外交语境中
double its tariffs：double 作为动词，表示“使……加倍”

声明称，加拿大政府正进行“密集而实时的谈判”，希望在与美国建立新的经济关系时取消关税。

"The additional tariffs on Canadian steel and aluminum announced today by the United States are unlawful and unjustified," it read.

unlawful and unjustified：并列的否定词汇表达强烈立场，unjustified (adj.) 表示“没有正当理由的”。
it read：新闻语言中“read”表示“……写道”，主语为前面提到的“statement”。

政府还重申计划取消省际贸易壁垒，以加强国内经济，因为商家和消费者正试图减少对美国产品的依赖——总理承诺要在7月1日前实现这一策略。

It said the government is going through "intensive and live negotiations" to have the tariffs removed as part of a new economic relationship with the United States. It also reiterated plans to remove interprovincial trade barriers to strengthen the domestic economy as retailers and consumers look to move away from American goods — a strategy the prime minister has promised to carry out by July 1.

going through intensive and live negotiations：形容谈判正在进行中，live 在这里表示“实时的”；intensive (adj.) 表示“密集的”

reiterated (v.) 表示“重申”；是正式场合中的高级动词
interprovincial trade barriers：interprovincial (adj.) 表示“省与省之间的”；barrier (n.) 表示“壁垒”
look to move away from：look to 表示“打算，着手去做”；move away from 是“逐渐放弃，远离”的意思
carry out：表示“实施，执行”，常用于计划和承诺的实现

本周在渥太华的质询时间里，加拿大工业部长梅拉妮·乔利（乔美兰）表示，她已经与两省的行业官员沟通过，加拿大应在本国范围内投资材料。

During question period in Ottawa this week, Industry Minister Mélanie Joly said she had spoken with industry officials in both provinces about the need for Canada to spend on materials within its own borders.

question period：加拿大议会术语，类似于“质询时间”；是政治文化知识点
spend on materials：表示政府将投资用于原材料采购
within its own borders：within 表示“在……之内”；borders 复数用来表示国家边界

Mélanie Joly （梅兰妮·乔利，又译作乔美兰）

“我们会在基建项目中使用魁北克和加拿大生产的铝和钢，”乔利周一在议会中说，“我们会创造和保护就业，我们会为自己对抗白宫的这种不公。”

"We'll use Quebec and Canadian aluminum steel in our infrastructure projects," Joly said in the House on Monday. "We'll create and protect jobs and we'll defend ourselves against this injustice from the White House."

infrastructure (n.) 表示“基础设施”，包括公路、桥梁等
create and protect jobs：政府承诺保障就业的常用措辞
injustice (n.) 表示“不公”，此处指关税不合理
defend against 表示“保护自己免受……”

加拿大钢铁生产商协会主席表示，提高关税将会对供应链造成“大规模干扰和负面后果”，并影响两国的客户。

The head of the Canadian Steel Producers Association (CSPA) said Saturday increasing tariffs would "create mass disruption and negative consequences" across the supply chain and affect customers in both countries.

mass disruption：“大规模干扰”
supply chain：供应链，是经济类词汇
affect customers：affect (v.) 表示“影响”，这是新闻中常用的动词

“这是特朗普政府的最新声明，是对加拿大钢铁的又一次打击，会带来无法弥补的后果，”CSPA总裁兼首席执行官凯瑟琳·科布登在一份声明中说。

"This latest announcement from the Trump administration is a further blow to Canadian steel that will have unrecoverable consequences," read a statement from CSPA president and CEO Catherine Cobden.